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CB4H
Pearson GCSE Combined Science Biology Higher
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is this a definition of: ‘A group of organisms that can reproduce with one another, producing offspring that can also reproduce’? | (species) |
| What is the scientific name for the modern human species? | (Homo sapiens) |
| From what type of creatures are modern humans thought to have evolved? | (apes) |
| What are the remains of organisms that have been turned into rock called? | (fossils) |
| Sedimentary rock exists in layers, one on top of another. Which layers are the youngest? | (uppermost) |
| Which substances did early human-like animals make tools out of? | (wood, stone) |
| Why do we only find the stone tools now? | (The wooden ones have rotted.) |
| Which of these three species is most closely related to modern humans, and how can you tell: Homo habilis, Australopithecus afarensis, Ardipithecus ramidus? | (Homo habilis, because the first word of its scientific name is the same as that of modern humans.) |
| On which continent are the oldest human-like fossils found? | (Africa) |
| What is this a definition of: ‘A gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time’? | (evolution) |
| Where does the evidence come from that humans evolved? | (fossils, stone tools) |
| Over how many years can scientists trace human evolution? | (millions, 4–5 million years) |
| Name one trend that has occurred in the bodies of human-like species as they have evolved over millions of years. | (walking upright, feet with short toes, larger brains, flatter faces, taller skulls etc.) |
| What are the differences in characteristics between two organisms called? | (variation) |
| One type of variation is ‘environmental variation’, in which the environment causes variation in characteristics. What is the other form of variation called? | (inherited variation, genetic variation) |
| What type of variation causes some sandpiper birds to have longer beaks than others? | (inherited variation, genetic variation) |
| Suggest one reason why polar bears are better adapted than black bears to living in the Arctic. | (sensible suggestion, such as they are white and so can avoid being seen against the snow by their prey) |
| What is the name of the scientist who is most well known for developing a theory about evolution? | (Charles Darwin) |
| Some scientists think that a species called Homo heidelbergensis evolved into both Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. What is a species that evolves into two species like this called? | (common ancestor) |
| Apart from Darwin, who else developed the theory of evolution by natural selection? | (Alfred Russel Wallace) |
| Who wrote the essay about the struggle for survival amongst children, which influenced both Darwin and Wallace? | (Thomas Malthus) |
| What is the name of the type of limb that humans have? | (pentadactyl) |
| Which of these organisms does not have a pentadactyl limb: dog, penguin, frog, fly? | (fly) |
| How many ‘fingers’ does a pentadactyl limb have? | (five) |
| What do we call an organism that evolves to form many other different organisms? | (common ancestor) |
| How did Darwin and Wallace work together to tell other scientists about their ideas? | (they published a scientific paper) |
| One branch of biology that has developed thanks to Darwin and Wallace’s theory is the study of genes. What is this branch of biology called? | (genetics) |
| Elephants belong to the animal kingdom. What other kingdoms are there? | (plants, fungi, protists/protoctists, prokaryotes) |
| State one way in which the cells of bacteria are different to those of animals, plants, fungi and protists. | (They have no nucleus/mitochondria/organelles, they have plasmids, they do not have chromosomes [instead they have a loop of chromosomal DNA].) |
| Cattle, wheat and mushrooms are all farmed. What kingdoms do they belong to? | Cattle, wheat and mushrooms are all farmed. What kingdoms do they belong to? (cattle – animals, wheat –plants, mushrooms – fungi) |
| The scientific name for cattle is Bos taurus. What genus do they belong to? | (Bos) |
| Wild yaks are Bos mutus. Describe some features of wild yaks. | (e.g. hairy coat, horns, stand on four legs, long tail, long face – any sensible suggestions that show that yaks are similar to cattle) |
| Bos mutus and Bos taurus share a common ancestor about 1 million years ago. What process caused them to evolve in different ways? | (natural selection) |
| What domain do Bos mutus and Bos taurus belong to? | (Eukarya) |
| Why are these two species in the Eukarya domain? | (They have nuclei/mitochondria in their cells.) |
| Name the other two domains. | (Bacteria, Archaea) |
| The three-domain system was developed because while Archaea looked like bacteria/prokaryotes they had other characteristics more like plants and animals. What were these other characteristics? | (They have genes containing unused sections of DNA.) |
| There are about 800 different types of farm cattle that all belong to the same species. What is the name for different types of the same species of animal? | (breeds) |
| What is the name for different types of the same species of plant? | (varieties) |
| Different types of the same species of animal are called breeds. What are different types of the same species of plant called? | (varieties) |
| What term describes humans choosing certain organisms because they have useful characteristics? | (artificial selection) |
| What is the name of the process in which new breeds and varieties of organisms are created using artificial selection? | (selective breeding) |
| Give an example of a species of animal that has been produced by selective breeding. | (any sensible suggestion, e.g. dogs) |
| What word describes all the DNA in an organism? | (genome) |
| What is the name of the process in which genes from one organism are transferred into the genome of another organism? | (genetic engineering) |
| What three-letter abbreviation is given to organisms that have been genetically engineered? | (GMO) |
| What word describes the amount of useful product that can be obtained from a farmed plant or animal? | (yield) |
| Suggest a characteristic that would be useful in a new variety of lettuce. | (any sensible suggestion, e.g. better taste, quicker growing, greater yield, disease resistance) |
| Suggest a characteristic that would be useful in a new breed of sheep. | (any sensible suggestion, e.g. leaner meat, quicker growing, greater yield, disease resistance, ability to withstand certain conditions, more wool) |
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Davenant Foundation School
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