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CB3F
Pearson GCSE Combined Science Biology Foundation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the control centre of a cell called? | (nucleus) |
| What structures are found inside the nucleus? | (chromosomes) |
| What substance forms a long strand in each chromosome? | (DNA) |
| How do body cells make copies of themselves? | (cell division, mitosis) |
| How many chromosomes are there in a human body cell nucleus? | (46) |
| What happens in fertilisation? | (two gametes fuse) |
| What is the name of the cell formed in fertilisation? | (zygote, fertilised egg cell) |
| What would happen to the number of chromosomes in a zygote if two body cells were used in fertilisation? | (it would have twice the number it should) |
| How many chromosomes does a human gamete contain? | (23) |
| The DNA strand in a chromosome contains sections that contain instructions for characteristics. What are these sections called? | (genes) |
| What molecule forms the genome of an organism? | (DNA) |
| Where are genes found? | ([in sections of DNA] on chromosomes) |
| What does a gene carry the instructions for? | (making a protein) |
| A protein is made by linking together smaller molecules. What are these smaller molecules called? | (amino acids) |
| What is any molecule made of repeating units called? | (a polymer) |
| A human cell contains 46 strands of DNA. Is it diploid or haploid? | (diploid) |
| Are the cells produced by meiosis haploid or diploid? | (haploid) |
| Are the cells produced by mitosis haploid or diploid? | (diploid) |
| What shape is DNA? | (a double helix) |
| What is a chromosome made out of? | (DNA and proteins [to package the DNA]) |
| What shape is a DNA molecule? | (double helix) |
| What part of a DNA strand contains the instructions for a protein? | (gene) |
| What are the letters of the bases that form the DNA code? | (A, C, T and G) |
| How do these bases pair up in DNA? | (A with T, C with G) |
| Apart from bases, what other parts are needed in a DNA molecule? | (phosphate group, sugar) |
| What is one phosphate group, one sugar and one base called? | (a nucleotide) |
| Why is DNA a polymer? | (It is made of many nucleotides joined in a chain.) |
| Why are proteins polymers? | (They are made of many amino acids joined in a chain.) |
| What is a zygote? | (a fertilised egg cell) |
| Why do people have naturally different colours of hair? | (They have slightly different genes.) |
| What are different versions of the same gene called? | (alleles) |
| What sort of variation do alleles cause in organisms? | (genetic variation) |
| When we consider one gene, what word is used to say that both alleles are the same? | (homozygous) |
| If a dominant allele has the letter A, how would you show that an organism is heterozygous? | (Aa) |
| What word describes the characteristics caused by the alleles of a gene? | (phenotype) |
| What word describes the alleles of a gene found in an organism? | (genotype) |
| What word describes an allele that only has an effect if an organism has two copies? | (recessive) |
| A genotype is written QQ. What does this tell you? | (It is homozygous for the dominant allele.) |
| What is a probability? | (the chance of an event occurring) |
| If the occurrence of an event has a probability of 1, what does this mean? | (It is certain to occur.) |
| Name the two types of cell division. | (mitosis and meiosis) |
| Which type of cell division produces sex cells? | (meiosis) |
| What happens to the chromosomes in a nucleus just before cell division starts? | (Chromosomes are copied/duplicated.) |
| Which subunits are proteins made of? | (amino acids) |
| Name the four bases in DNA. | (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) |
| What is the name given to part of a DNA molecule that codes for a protein? | (gene) |
| Why do different pieces of DNA produce different proteins? | (because they have different sequences of bases/produce different sequences of amino acids) |
| Why can DNA be matched to the person it came from? | (Everybody has a slightly different order of bases intheir DNA.) |
| True or false: 50 per cent of a boy’s genes come from his mother. | (true) |
| If we all have the same genes, why do we look different? | (We have inherited different alleles.) |
| What is the phenotype of an organism? | (what it looks like/the obvious characteristics) |
| What is the genotype of an organism? | (the combination of alleles in its genes) |
| Is human eye colour coded for by one gene or many genes? | (many) |
| One gene codes for the cell membrane protein CFTR. There are many alleles for the CFTR gene. How many alleles do you have for the CFTR gene in one of your body cells? | (two) |
| A mutation of the CFTR gene can lead to the disorder cystic fibrosis. What is a mutation? | (a change in the order of bases that form the gene) |
| Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder. What does that mean? | (It is passed from parent to offspring in the genes in a gamete.) |
| What research, finished in 2003, was the first effort to map a complete human genome? | (Human Genome Project) |
| How could a map of a person’s genome help identify diseases they might develop? | (Some alleles show an increased risk for the person of developing a genetic disorder.) |
| How could a map of a person’s genome help identify which medicines they should be given? | (Some alleles affect how well medicines work in the body, including problems they can cause.) |
| Many mutations have no effect on the phenotype. Explain why. | (They do not change the protein that is coded for by the gene.) |
Created by:
Davenant Foundation School
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