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SB8
Pearson GCSE Separate Science Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do we mean when we talk about the concentration of a substance? | (usually of another substance)) |
| By what process do particles move from a place of greater concentration to a place of lower concentration? | (diffusion) |
| In diffusion, do particles move up or down a concentration gradient? | (down) |
| For what process in the body do we need oxygen? | (aerobic respiration) |
| What gases are exchanged in the lungs? | (oxygen and carbon dioxide) |
| What molecule is used to carry oxygen in red blood cells? | (haemoglobin) |
| A cuboid has sides of 4 cm by 4 cm by 5 cm. What units would be used for its surface area? | (cm2) |
| A cuboid has sides of 4 cm by 4 cm by 5 cm. What units would be used for its volume? | (cm3) |
| A cell has a surface area of 24 cm2 and a volume of 8 cm3. What is the ratio of its surface area to its volume? | (3 : 1, although note that surface area : volume (SA : V) ratios are given as a single figure, 3 = 3 in this case) |
| How are the lungs adapted for efficient gas exchange? | (large surface area/alveoli) |
| In human lungs, what gas is transported into the blood using gas exchange? | (oxygen) |
| What is the name of the ‘pockets’ in the lungs where gas exchange occurs? | (alveoli) |
| How are alveoli adapted to their function? | (they have a large surface area, they have thin walls) |
| For what process does the body need glucose? | (respiration) |
| By what transport method do carbon dioxide molecules move from the blood into the lungs? | (diffusion) |
| A cube has a volume of 1000 cm3 and surface area of 600 cm2 What is its surface area : volume ratio? | (0.6, but accept 3 : 5) |
| How is the SA : V ratio of larger cells different from the SA : V ratio of smaller cells? | (larger cells have a smaller SA : V ratio) |
| How is the concentration gradient of oxygen between the inside and the outside of a capillary maintained? | (by the flow of blood) |
| What is the unit g/cm3 a measure of? | (concentration) |
| In what other format can g/cm3 be written? | g cm–3 |
| Which organ excretes carbon dioxide in humans? | (lung(s)) |
| In what pocket-shaped structures does carbon dioxide excretion occur? | (alveoli) |
| Why do alveoli have walls that are only one cell thick? | (to increase the rate of diffusion) |
| Which organ excretes urea in humans? | (kidney(s)) |
| What do you divide surface area by to calculate a surface area : volume (SA : V) ratio? | (volume) |
| Which have the bigger SA : V ratios, smaller cells or larger cells? | (smaller) |
| Does diffusion happen up or down a concentration gradient? | (down) |
| What are the smallest blood vessels in the body called? | (capillaries) |
| What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart? | (arteries) |
| What is the function of an erythrocyte? | (to carry oxygen) |
| Which blood vessels take blood away from the heart? | (arteries) |
| Which blood vessels have thick, elastic walls? | (arteries) |
| Which blood vessels contain valves? | (veins) |
| Through which blood vessels does diffusion of substances into and out of tissues take place? | (capillaries) |
| Which blood cells are adapted to carry oxygen? | (red blood cells, erythrocytes) |
| Which blood cells engulf and digest foreign cells? | (phagocytes) |
| Which component of the blood carries urea? | (plasma) |
| What helps to push blood along veins in the legs? | (skeletal muscles) |
| How many chambers does a human heart have? | (four) |
| What happens when blood is prevented from reaching heart muscles? | (heart attack) |
| What are the lower chambers of the heart called? | (ventricles) |
| What stops blood flowing the wrong way in the heart? | (valves) |
| Which side of the heart has the thicker muscle walls? | (left side) |
| What parts of the body does the right side of the heart supply with blood? | (lungs) |
| Which blood vessel carries blood to the left atrium from the lungs? | (pulmonary vein) |
| Does the pulmonary artery carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood? | (deoxygenated) |
| Why does heart rate increase during exercise? | (cells in tissues need more oxygen/glucose) |
| Jack’s stroke volume is 0.1 litres/beat and his heart rate is 50 beats per minute. What is his cardiac output? | (0.1 × 50 = 5 litres/min) |
| What element does aerobic respiration need that anaerobic respiration does not? | (oxygen) |
| What happens to energy in an exothermic reaction? | (It is transferred to the surroundings.) |
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Davenant Foundation School
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