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SB7
Pearson GCSE Separate Science Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which cells in the nervous system detect changes? | (receptor cells) |
| Sense organs contain receptors cells. Give one example of a sense organ. | (e.g. eye, ear, nose, tongue, skin) |
| Which parts of the body cause the response to a stimulus? | (effectors) |
| Give an example of an effector. | (one of: muscle, gland) |
| In what form is information transmitted in the nervous system? | ((electrical) impulses) |
| How are soluble chemical substances (e.g. digested food molecules) carried around the body? | (e.g. digested food molecules) carried around the body? (in the blood/plasma) |
| Name one hormone produced in the male reproductive system. | (testosterone) |
| Name one hormone produced by ovaries. | (one of: oestrogen, progesterone) |
| Which general name is given to an organ that responds to a hormone? | (target organ) |
| What effect do hormones have on organs that respond to them? | (change how the organ is working) |
| What is the name for a gland that produces a hormone? | (endocrine gland) |
| Name the organ that produces oestrogen. | (ovary) |
| Name the organ at the base of the brain that produces many hormones. | (pituitary gland) |
| What is the name for an organ that is affected by a hormone? | (target organ) |
| Name an organ that is affected by growth hormone. | (bones/muscles) |
| How do hormones travel around the body? | (in the blood) |
| Which hormone brings about changes in a boy’s body during puberty? | (testosterone) |
| Where is adrenalin made? | (adrenal glands) |
| Describe one effect of adrenalin on the body. | increases heart rate, increases breathing rate, increases blood pressure, increases blood sugar concentration, or dilates pupils |
| What is the role of thyroxine in the body? | (to control metabolic rate) |
| What name is given to a substance produced in the body that changes how its target organs work | (hormone) |
| Name the endocrine gland that produces testosterone. | (testis/testes) |
| How does testosterone get from where it is made to its target organs? | (in blood) |
| Name the hormone that produces changes in girls as they become women. | (oestrogen) |
| H In which gland is thyroxine produced? | (thyroid gland) |
| H What is the function of thyroxine in the body? | (controls metabolic rate) |
| H Which hormone controls the fight or flight response? | (adrenalin) |
| H Which term describes when a change in a system causes the opposite change, returning the system to a normal level? | (negative feedback) |
| What name is given to the cycle of changes in a woman’s reproductive system that happens every month? | (menstrual cycle) |
| What name is given to methods that prevent fertilisation? | (contraception) |
| Which term describes the cycle of changes in a woman’s body that happens about every 28 days? | (menstrual cycle) |
| On approximately which day of the menstrual cycle is an egg cell released from an ovary? | (day 14) |
| Name two hormones that help to control the menstrual cycle. | (two of: oestrogen, progesterone, FSH, LH – although the latter two will probably not have been covered yet) |
| State where oestrogen is produced. | (ovaries) |
| How do changes in the blood concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone trigger menstruation? | (Concentrations of both hormones decrease.) |
| Which term describes any method used to reduce the chance of pregnancy? | (contraception) |
| Give one example of a physical barrier method of contraception. | (any one suitable method, such as:condom, diaphragm/cap) |
| Which endocrine organ produces the hormones FSH and LH? | (pituitary gland) |
| A surge in blood concentration of which hormone triggers the release of an egg from an ovary? | (LH) |
| Which three-letter abbreviation is used to describe a method of increasing the chance of pregnancy by fertilising an egg cell outside the body? | (IVF) |
| In the menstrual cycle, what usually happens at about day 14? | (ovulation) |
| What change in the concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone causes menstruation? | (Concentrations of both hormones decrease.) |
| How does use of a condom during sexual activity help to reduce the risk of pregnancy? | (prevents sperm reaching the egg) |
| How does the combined contraceptive pill help to reduce the risk of pregnancy? | (one of: contains hormones that prevent ovulation/reduces chance of sperm reaching egg) |
| H A surge in concentration of which hormone triggers ovulation? | (LH) |
| H Which hormone stimulates the growth and maturation of an egg follicle? | (FSH) |
| H Which hormone treatment can be given to women who rarely ovulate, to increase their chance of ovulation? | (clomifene therapy) |
| H In which ART technique is a woman given two natural hormones to cause the release of many eggs from her ovaries? | (IVF) |
| Name one target organ of insulin that helps to reduce blood glucose concentration. | (muscle/liver) |
| What name is given to the condition in which people cannot control their blood glucose concentration properly? | (diabetes) |
| Which term means maintaining a constant internal environment? | (homeostasis) |
| What effect does eating food have on blood glucose concentration? | (increases) |
| What effect does exercise have on blood glucose concentration? | (decreases) |
| Which hormone(s) control(s) blood glucose concentration? | (insulin, H glucagon) |
| Which endocrine gland produces this hormone/H these hormones? | (pancreas) |
| What happens to glucose taken into liver cells as a response to a hormone? | (changed to glycogen) |
| What causes type 1 diabetes? | (no insulin produced) |
| What type of treatment must someone with type 1 diabetes have for the rest of their lives? | (injection of insulin) |
| What causes type 2 diabetes? | (either not enough insulin produced, or insulin target cells do not respond properly) |
| How is type 2 diabetes correlated with body mass? | (Increasing body mass increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.) |
| Which hormone reduces blood glucose concentration? | (insulin) |
| What are the target cells for insulin? | (liver and muscle cells) |
| What is the condition in which a person does not produce insulin? | (type 1 diabetes) |
| What is the condition in which a person does not produce enough insulin or their target cells do not respond properly to it? | (type 2 diabetes) |
| What effect does exercise have on blood glucose concentration? | (reduces it) |
| What might a doctor suggest diabetics reduce in their diet? | (sugar/glucose) |
| How is body mass correlated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes? | (positive correlation/risk increases as mass increases) |
| How does the body respond to being too cold? | (shivering/goosebumps/reduction of blood flow near the skin) |
| How does the body respond to being too hot? | (sweating/increased blood flow near the skin) |
| Which term means control of body temperature? | (thermoregulation) |
| Which term means control of body temperature? | (thermoregulation) |
| Which part of the body monitors and controls body temperature? | (hypothalamus) |
| In which layer of the skin are sweat glands? | (dermis) |
| How does sweat on the skin help to cool the body? | (It evaporates/transfers ‘heat’ from body to surroundings.) |
| What causes goosebumps? | (contraction of hair erector muscles) |
| H Which term means narrowing of blood vessels? | (vasoconstriction) |
| When the body is too cold, what happens to increase the release of energy inside the body, causing warming? | (shivering of muscles) |
| What effect would too high a body temperature have on enzymes? | slow or stop them working) |
| Name two organs of the urinary system. | (any two from: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) |
| Which term means control of body water content? | (osmoregulation) |
| What is controlled during osmoregulation? | (body water content) |
| How does osmoregulation protect animal cells? | (prevents too much gain/loss of water [which could damage their membranes or stop processes in the cytoplasm from working]) |
| Which body system contains these organs: bladder, ureters, kidneys? | (urinary/excretory system) |
| In which organ is urea made? | (liver) |
| What does urea come from? | (breakdown of excess amino acids) |
| Which treatment for kidney failure exchanges substances between the blood and a fluid to restore normal blood concentrations? | (dialysis) |
| Name one other treatment for kidney failure. | (transplant) |
| Which two processes produce urine inside the kidney? | (filtration and reabsorption) |
| H ADH is the hormone that controls the amount of water that leaves the body in urine. Where is ADH produced? | (pituitary gland) |
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Davenant Foundation School
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