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SB6
Pearson GCSE Separate Science Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In a food chain, consumers eat other organisms. What word is used to describe organisms that make their own food? | (producers) |
| What process do plants and algae use to make their own food? | (photosynthesis) |
| In what sub-cellular part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur? | (chloroplast) |
| What substance from the air do plants need for photosynthesis? | (carbon dioxide) |
| What substance from the ground do plants need for photosynthesis? | (water) |
| What organs do plants use to get water from the ground? | (roots) |
| How are roots adapted to getting water from the ground quickly? | (large surface area, root hair cells) |
| What energy-storing compound is made in photosynthesis? | (glucose) |
| Suggest one use for glucose in a plant. | (respiration, making other substances) |
| In what sub-cellular part of a plant cell does respiration occur? | (mitochondria) |
| What product of photosynthesis is a gas at room temperature? | (oxygen) |
| Plants photosynthesise. Name one other group of organisms that photosynthesise. | (algae or cyanobacteria) |
| What reactant in photosynthesis is a gas at room temperature? | (carbon dioxide) |
| What are all the materials that make up an organism known as? | (biomass) |
| In what subcellular parts of plants does photosynthesis occur? | (chloroplasts) |
| Where does all the energy originally come from in most food chains? | (the Sun) |
| What polymer inside chloroplasts is made from glucose? | (starch) |
| Name the main sugar that is transported around most plants. | (sucrose) |
| How are most leaves adapted to only allow gas exchange during the day? | (stomata) |
| What do we mean by the ‘rate’ of photosynthesis? | (the speed of the reactions) |
| What is a rate of reaction? | (how fast a reaction happens) |
| What do we call something that prevents a rate of reaction increasing? | (limiting factor) |
| If light intensity is a limiting factor, what happens to the rate of photosynthesis when it is increased? | (The rate increases.) |
| When there is plenty of light and plenty of carbon dioxide, suggest one factor that could be limiting. | (temperature or water) |
| What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as a plant is moved further away from a light source? | (It decreases.) |
| What relationship is shown by a straight line through the points on a scatter graph? | (linear relationship) |
| What sort of linear relationship is shown by a straight line through the origin? | (direct proportion) |
| H By what law does light intensity vary with distance? | (inverse square law) |
| H What is light intensity inversely proportional to? | (distance squared) |
| What happens to plants if they do not get enough water to fill their cells? | (They wilt.) |
| What term is used to describe the amount of a substance in a certain unit volume? | (concentration) |
| What term is used to describe the overall movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration? | (diffusion) |
| What term is used to describe the overall movement of solvent particles from higher concentration to lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane? | (osmosis) |
| What is the gradual change in concentration from one place to another called? | (concentration gradient) |
| What process do cells use to transport substances against their concentration gradient? | (active transport) |
| What adaptation do some root cells have in order to increase the amount of water they can absorb? | root hairs |
| Why do cells that use active transport often have a lot of mitochondria? | (Active transport needs a lot of energy.) |
| What do plants need nitrate ions for? | (making proteins) |
| Through what vessels is water moved up a plant? | (xylem vessels) |
| Through what tissue are sugars transported around a plant? | (phloem tissue) |
| What is the flow of water through a plant called? | (transpiration) |
| In what vessels does water flow? | (xylem vessels) |
| In what vessels are dissolved mineral ions carried? | (xylem vessels) |
| Give one other function of xylem vessels. | (supporting the plant) |
| What tissue is used for translocation | (phloem) |
| Give the names of the two most common cells in phloem tissue. | (sieve tubes and companion cells) |
| Why do companion cells contain many mitochondria? | (because they actively pump sucrose in and out of sieve tubes) |
| If the humidity of the air around a plant is reduced, what happens to the rate of transpiration? | (it increases) |
| Which cells create the air spaces inside a leaf? | (spongy cells) |
| What term describes trees that lose their leaves in winter? | (deciduous) |
| In which tissue of a plant leaf does most photosynthesis occur? | (palisade) |
| Which tissue in a plant leaf consists of irregularly shaped cells that create air spaces? | (spongy) |
| Give one function of cuticle. | (to prevent microorganisms entering/to prevent water entering/to reduce evaporation of water) |
| Through what openings in a leaf do gases diffuse? | (stomata) |
| What cells control the opening and closing of stomata? | (guard cells) |
| Explain why conifer trees have their stomata in pits. | (to trap water vapour and reduce water loss) |
| What word describes trees that lose their leaves in winter? | (deciduous) |
| Why do deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter? | (to prevent water loss when water in the ground may not be available because it is frozen) |
| Why is it an advantage for a plant root to grow downwards? | (to anchor the plant/to reach water) |
| Why is it an advantage for a plant shoot to grow towards the light? | (to get energy for photosynthesis) |
| What is a growth in response to a stimulus called? | (tropism) |
| What is a growth in response to the stimulus of light called? | (phototropism) |
| What is a growth away from light called? | (negative phototropism) |
| Name a part of a plant that shows negative phototropism | (root) |
| What plant hormones cause phototropism? | (auxins) |
| What effect do auxins have on cells in a plant shoot? | (cause them to elongate) |
| What effect do auxins have on cells in a plant root? | (stop them elongating) |
| Name the growth response of a root in the direction of gravity. | (positive gravitropism) |
| Name the group of plant hormones that are used to help seeds germinate. | (gibberellins) |
| Name the plant hormone that is a gas and is used to ripen fruit. | (ethene) |
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Davenant Foundation School
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