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Fundes II Final
Fundamentals II Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anoxia | condition of being without oxygen |
| Atelectasis | collapsed or airless part of the lungs; collapse of alveoli |
| Cyanosis | bluish discoloration or skin color changes, particular around the mouth and in the nail beds, due to lack of O2 |
| Dyspnea | difficult and labored breathing |
| Epiglottis | leaf-shaped flap in the throat that prevents food from entering the windpipe and the lungs |
| Expectorate | cough up and spit out |
| Retractions | inward movement of respiratory muscles upon inspiration |
| Apnea | absence of breathing |
| Hypercapnia | Excess carbon dioxide in the blood |
| Hypoxia | State of insufficient O2 for cellular needs |
| Residual volume | the amount of air that remains in a persons lungs after fully exhaling |
| Tenacious | Adhesive, sticky |
| Chemical in the lungs that reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse | surfactant |
| what gives the trachea its structure and prevents trachea collapse | C-shaped cartilage |
| Main muscle responsible for pulmonary ventilation | Diaphragm |
| Environmental air contains approximately ______% oxygen | 20% |
| Term is used to describe the elasticity of lung tissue | Compliance |
| Membrane that closely lines the lungs into the fissures of the lungs | visceral pleura |
| Appropriate pressure setting for suctioning the airway | 80-120mmHg |
| Condition of blood in the pleural cavity that compresses lungs | Hemothorax |
| What is the suggested oxygen flow rate for a patient with COPD? | 1-3 LPM |
| Delivery system would the nurse use to administer 12LPM of oxygen to an adult? | Endotracheal Tube |
| Common causes of Hypoxemia | Airway obstruction Restriction of the thoracic cage Advanced age high altitude |
| Condition of multiple broken ribs broken in two or more places is documented as | Flail Chest |
| Hypoxemia | Decreased oxygen to the tissues at a cellular level |
| Pulmonary Compliance | The ability of the lungs and thoracic cage to stretch and recoil |
| Function of the nasopharynx | Provide openings for Eustachian tube |
| Inhaled food or foreign objects are most likely to lodge in which part of the respiratory system | Right bronchus- has more suction power because its larger |
| Ventilation | Mechanical process of breathing |
| Macule | circumscribed, flat area with color change, 0.5 cm or smaller (freckles) |
| Papule | Elevated, solid lesion; smaller than 0.5 cm (wart) |
| Vesicle | Circumscribed, superficial, fluid filled. smaller than 0.5 cm (chicken pox) |
| Plague | circumscribed, elevated, superficial, larger than 0.5 cm (psoriasis) |
| Wheal | Firm, edematous, irregularly shaped (insect bite) |
| Pustule | Elevated, superficial filled with purulent fluid (acne) |
| Adventitious sounds | abnormal lung sounds elicited upon auscultation of the lungs during assessment |
| Ascites | abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity |
| Bruit | abnormal sounds heard on auscultation of an artery, a "swishing sound" |
| Ecchymosis | Flat, hemorrhagic, blue or purplish patch on the skin or mucous membrane; bruising |
| Guaiac | Regent to test for blood in stool |
| Jugular Vein Distention | visible thickening of jugular veins when the patient is positioned sitting in bed at a 15-35 degree angle |
| Lethargy | abnormal drowsiness or stupor |
| Nystagmus | involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball q |
| Orientation | awareness of ones environment with reference to place, time, and people |
| pallor | paleness of the skin |
| patent | freely open |
| petechiae | pin point, round, purplish- red spots that are not raised |
| Rinne testq | Test to compare bone and air conduction of sound, performed with a tuning fork |
| sanguineous | Bloody |
| serosanguineous | composed of serum and blood |
| weber test | test of bone conduction of sound performed with a tuning fork placed in the center of the forehead or the skull |
| Glasgow coma scale | -15 is best -7 or below is considered coma |
| Early signs of hypoxemia | Breathing rapid Shortness of air |
| Paresthesia | Tingling in fingers |
| Pneumothorax | air in pleural cavity |
| Hemothorax | Blood in the pleural cavity |
| Pneumohemothorax | Blood & air in pleural cavity |
| Two bean shaped organs 6 cm wide x 12 cm long | Kidneys |
| Where are kidneys located | at level of L1 on either side of the spine |
| The working units of the kidneys | Nephrons |
| Hollow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder | Ureters |
| Hollow muscular organ located in lower pelvis that stores urine | Bladder |
| Carries urine from bladder to meatus; flow controlled by urinary sphincter | Urethra |
| Average urine output should be | 30mL/hr |
| Anuria | less than 100 mL or urine output in 24 hr |
| Dysuria | Painful of difficult urination; may be from infection or trauma |
| Incontinence | Involuntary release of urine |
| Normal urine Specific gravity ranges | 1.005-1.030 |
| Normal urine pH | Slightly acid, ranging form 5.5-7.0 |
| Nocturia | when a person has to get up more than twice in the night to void |
| Oliguria | decreased urine output less than 400mL in 24 hrs |
| Polyuria | excessive urination (>1500mL in 24 hrs) |
| Cystitis | Inflammation of the bladder |
| Normal voided specimen needs to be sent to the lab when | within 5-10min |
| Glucosuria | glucose in the urine |
| proteinuria | protein in the urine |
| Hematuria | Blood in the urine |
| Pyuria | Pus in the urine |
| Ketonuria | Ketones in the urine |
| Grams per calorie | 4g/calorie |
| grams per lipids/fats | 9g/fat |
| what chemical do we need to absorb B12 | intrinsic factor |
| what is the midsection of the small intestine | Jejunum |
| main job of the large intestine? | Absorb fluid |
| Example of simple sugar | Candy orange juice something that gets the sugar up quickly |
| Essential nutrient | Anything your body cannot make on its own |
| Example of incomplete protein | Beans, tree nuts, peanut butter |
| total cholesterol should be | 200 mg or less |
| Times we need increase protein diet | After surgery/ wound healing rapid growth lactation cancer |
| Atherosclerosis | the accumulation of fatty deposits on the walls of blood vessels |
| dysphagia | difficult swallowing |
| Enteral | within small intestine |
| parenteral | introduction of a substance into the body by some means other than the gastrointestinal tract |
| residue | remains after digestion or evaporation |
| total parenteral nutrition | the technique of providing needed nutrients intravenously |
| Bolus | round mass of chewed food |
| cholesterol | component of fat found only in animal products |
| malnutrition | poor nourishment resulting from improper diet or from some deficit in nutrition that prevents the body from using its food properly |
| marasmus | form of protein-calorie malnutrition occurring chiefly in the first year of life, characterized by growth retardation and wasting of subcutaneous fat and muscle |
| Kwashiorkor | condition occurring in infants and young children soon after weaning from breast milk. due to severe protein deficiency |
| Vitamins D, E, K, A are | Fat soluble vitamins |
| Ideal BMI range | 18.5-24.9 |
| Complete protein food source | Soybean Poulty |
| How many ml of fluid must the nurse flush through the enteral tube before and after completion of enteral feeding | 30-60mL |
| Possible complication of enteral tube feeding | Aspiration nausea/vomiting's skin irritation |
| What is VTBI | Volume to be delivered |
| What is residual volume | what is remaining in the stomach |
| If the residual volume is greater than ________ the feeding is held | 250mL |
| How many ml of water are used to administer each individually crushed medication when giving meds via enteral tube | 30cc before, 10cc with each pill, 30 cc after |
| 6 vital nutrients | proteins carbs fats vitamins minerals/electrolytes water |
| Daily recommended intake of protein for and adult | 10-35% (0.8g/kg) |
| Adult body is how much water | 50-60% |
| BMI Formula | LBS x 703 / height (inches)2 weight in lbs times 703 divided by height in inches squared |
| Replace normal flora by | Eating yogurt drinking buttermilk taking acidophilus |
| Volume of typical cleaning enema (Adults) | 500-1000mL |
| Increase sodium Greater than 145mEq/L | Hypernatremia |
| Decrease sodium less than 136mEq/L | Hyponatremia |
| Increase potassium greater than 5.0 mEq/L | Hyperkalemia |
| Decrease potassium less than 3.5 mEq/L | Hypokalemia |
| Increase calcium greater than 10.5 mEq/L | Hypercalcemia |
| Decrease calcium less than 9 mEq/L | Hypocalcemia |
| pH of blood ranges | 7.35-7.45 |
| Colostomy | artificial opening(stoma) created in the large intestine and brought to the surface of the abdomen for evacuating the bowels |
| Chyme | Liquefied food and digestive juices |
| effluent | discharge fecal matter |
| excoriation | abrasion of the skin |
| ileotomy | opening surgically created at the ileum to divert intestinal contents after lower portions of the bowel have been surgically removed |
| Melena | blood that has changed into a dark, tarry substance as it moves through the stomach or small intestine |
| paralytic ileus | obstruction of the intestines from inhibition of bowel motility |
| steatorrhea | stools with an abnormally high fat content |
| stoma | opening |
| periostomal | area around a stoma |
| Crede maneuver | massage from top of bladder to bottom by starting above the pubic bone and rocking the palm of the hand steadily downward |
| Cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| Micturition | urination |
| residual urine | urine left in the bladder after urination |
| suprapubic | above the pubic bone |
| urostomy | opening through which urine drains |
Created by:
SamMcG11
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