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Earthquake
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ring of Fire | Is an area bordering the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur. |
| Plate Tectonics | The Earth's crust is broken into large pieces called plates. |
| What happens when the plates move? | These slowly moving plates bump into eachother, slide past each other, or pull apart from each other. |
| What does the plate movement cause? | It causes much stress on the rocks |
| What is a result of the movement? | Subduction zones and transform boundaries result in movement along fault lines causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. |
| Stress | Stress on rocks caused my the movement of plates |
| Compression | Rocks move together |
| Tension | Rocks move away from each other |
| Shearing | Rocks slide past each other |
| Fault line | A fracture or zone of fractures between two rocks & the blocks move relative to each other. |
| What does quick movement along a fault line result in? | Earthquake |
| How many types of faults are there | 3 main types of faults |
| Normal Fault | -Cause by tension -hanging wall moves downward relative to the foot wall -Ex. Areas of Death Valley CA |
| Reverse Fault | -Caused by Compression -Hanging wall rises relative to the foot wall Ex. Sierra Madre fault zone in CA |
| Strike-Slip Fault | -Caused by shearing -Rocks are displaced mainly in a horizontal direction, parallel to the fault line Ex. San Andreas Fault in CA |
| Hanging wall | -occurs above the fault plane |
| Foot wall | -occurs below fault plane |
| How does an earthquake happen? | Occurs when the pressure built up along a fault line becomes so great that the rocks on either side of the fault suddenly rip apart |
| What is this pent-up energy released as? | Seismic waves |
| Energy radiates out in the form of what? | Seismic waves, which are either P waves, S waves or Surface waves |
| What does the energy result in? | It results in violent shaking which sometimes causes great destruction |
| Which size earthquakes are more rare and harder to predict? | The large ones, while the small ones happen frequently |
| What can occur after the main event? | Aftershocks |
| Focus | -the point within the earth where the earthquake originates |
| Epicenter | -the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus |
| What is Seismology? | The study of earthquakes/seismic waves |
| Transform boundary | -where plates slip past each other |
| Subduction Zone | -where the oceanic crust goes under either newer oceanic crust or continental crust |
| Mercalli Scale | -measures the intensity or severity of an earthquake -it is numbered 1-12 -describes what you might see and feel during an earthquake in addition to the type of destruction |
Created by:
ischultz!
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