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Earthquakes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ring of Fire | The Ring of Fire is an area bordering the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur. |
| Plate Tectonics | The earth’s crust is broken into large pieces called plates. These slowly moving plates bump into each other, slide past each other, or pull apart from each other. |
| Richter Scale | measures the strength or magnitude of an earthquake Numbered from 1-10 |
| Epicenter | the point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus. |
| P-Waves (primary) | First waves to arrive at the seismic station (fastest) Can more through the solid and liquid layers of the earth Considered a “body” wave Shakes the ground back and forth (push/pull) |
| S-Waves (secondary) | Slower than P Wave Can move through the solid layers (crust and mantle) of the earth – also a “body” wave Moves rock particles side to side or up and down. |
| Surface Waves | Travel only through the crust Arrive after P and S Waves Almost entirely responsible for the damage and destruction of an earthquake. Two Types: Rayleigh Wave - Circular, Love Wave – Back and Forth |
| Magnitude | Strength of an earthquake |
| Seismograph | An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes Determines the strength and the duration of an earthquake |
| Seismogram | the record produced by the seismograph |
| Aftershock | What you feel after an earthquake, rumbling |
| Tsunami | A powerful series of waves generated by an earthquake or landslide under the ocean Can travel at an average of 450 mph in open ocean |
| Stress | Movement or pressure put on rocks |
| Compression | Rocks move together |
| Shearing | rocks slide past each other |
| Tension | Rocks move away from one another |
| Earthquake | Occurs when the pressure built up along a fault line becomes so great that the rocks on either side of the fault suddenly rip apart. Energy radiates out in the form of seismic waves. |
| Normal Fault | Cause by tension -rocks move away from each other Hanging wall moves downward relative to the foot wall. Example: Areas of Death Valley in California |
| Reverse Fault | Caused by compression – rocks move toward each other The hanging wall rises relative to the footwall. Example: Sierra Madre fault zone in CA, which created the San Gabriel Mountains. |
| Strike-Slip Fault | Caused by shearing –rocks slide past each other Rocks are displaced mainly in a horizontal direction, parallel to the fault line. Example: San Andreas Fault in California |
| Hanging Wall | rock slab on top of the fault |
| Foot Wall | rock slab on the bottom of the fault |
| Focus | the point within the earth where the earthquake originates |
| Seismic Waves | Waves of energy caused by earthquakes and other rock movement. Travel through some layers of the Earth. Recorded with seismographs |
| Seismology | The study of measuring earthquakes. |
| Fault Line | A fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock These blocks move relative to each other. |
| Transform Boundary | Plates slip sideways past each other creating earthquakes. Crust is neither created or destroyed. Example: the San Andreas fault in California. |
| Subduction Zone | the older plate slides under the newer one in a transform boundary. |
| Mercali Scale | measures the intensity or severity of an earthquake Numbered from 1-12 |
| What happens after an Earthquake occurs? | Energy results in violent shaking, which sometimes causes great destruction. |
Created by:
camerynedel
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