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Plants

Reproduction in Plants & Transport in Plants

QuestionAnswer
Vegetative Reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction for plants. It is a process by which new plant “individuals” arise or are obtained without seeds or spores. Rhizomes (modified underground stem), stolons( prostrate aerial stems), are all vegetative reproduction.
Cryptobiosis is an ametabolic state of life entered by an organism in response to adverse environmental conditions such as desiccation, freezing, and oxygen deficiency. An organism in cryptobiotic state can essentially live indefinitely until their environment changes
Sporophyte they produce spores by meiosis, these meiospore develop into gametophytes. Both spores and resulting gametophyte are haploid. Mature gametophytes produce male or female gametes by mitosis.
Gametophyte is the multicellular structure, or phase that is haploid, containing a single set of chromosomes. They produce male or female gametes by mitosis
Heterospory the production of two different sizes and sexes by the sporophyte of land plants.
Homospory producing spores of only one kind
Lycopodium – Flowerless, vascular, terrestrial or epiphytic plants with widely branched, erected prostrate or creeping stem.
Antheridia –is a haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes. It is present in the gametophyte phase of lower plants like mosses and ferns, and also in the pr
Archegonia is a multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants producing and containing the ovum or female gamete
Double Fertilization is a complex fertilization mechanism that has evolved in flowering plants, known as angiosperms. This process involves the joining of a female gametophyte with two male gametes. The pollen grain begins to take in moister and starts to germinate, forming a pollen tube that extends down toward the ovary through the style. The tip of the pollen tube enters the ovary and penetrates through the microple(an opening in the protective layers of the ovule). The pollen tube releases the two sperm. One sperm fertilizes the egg cell and the other combines with the two polar nuclei of the large central cell of the embryo sac. A former forms a diploid zygote, while the latter forms a triploid nucleus that later becomes the endosperm.
Ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells( Megagameteophyte).
Endosperm is the tissue in seeds that surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch though it can also contain oils and protein.
Monocots are one of two major groups of flowering plants, that are characterized by flowering in threes, having scattered vascular bundles in the stem, having adventitious roots, having parallel leaf vein arrangement, and one cotyledon
Dicot are one of the two major groups of flowering plants, characterized by two cotelydon, net like leaf veins, roots that develop from radical, and a circular vascular bundle arrangement.
Vascular Cambium is a lateral meristem in the vascular tissue of plants
Passive Transport movement of biochemicals or molecular substances across the cell membrane without the expenditure of chemical energy.
Active Transport movement of biochemicals or molecular substances across the cell membrane that requires chemical energy.
Symport a transmembrane protein that uses the diffusion of one molecule down its concentration gradient to power the movement of another molecule against its own concentration gradient in the same or opposite direction.
Antiport transmembrane protein that couples the diffusion of one molecule down its concentration gradient to transport another molecule in the opposite direction against its own concentration gradient.
Cotransport transmembrane protein that couples the diffusion of one molecule down its concentration gradient to transport another molecule in the same direction against its own concentration gradient.
Partial Pressure gases will always flow from a region of higher partial pressure to one of lower pressure. Gases dissolve, diffuse, and react according to their partial pressures and not necessarily according to their concentrations in a gas mixture.
Osmotic Pressure – is the pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Casparian Strip is a band of cell wall material in the radial and transverse walls of the endodermis. It is used to block the passive flow of materials, such as water and solutes into the stele of a plant.
Apoplastic route movement of water in root cell through intracellular space and porous cell walls.
Symplastic route movement of water in root cell through plasmosdesmata.
Seive Tube Members are a type of elongated parenchyma cells in phloem tissue. At the ends these cells are connected with other sieve elements.
Companion cells A specialized parenchyma cell, located in the phloem of flowering plants and closely associated with the development and function of a sieve
Created by: endukwe
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