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glossary : unit 2-3
StonyBrook University Pharm Facts 2006
| glossary unit 2-3 |
|---|
| absorption |
| movement of medication from drug administration site to vasculature |
| accumulation |
| rate of drug administration sites to vasculature |
| active transportation |
| one way transport process which moves drugs from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration; requires energy expenditures and carrier protiens |
| addiction |
| compulsive need to ause a drug with evidence of physiologic tolerance, dependence, and/or withdrawal |
| additive drug interaction |
| form of drug-drug interaction which occurs when each drug has similiar clinical effects |
| adverse reaction |
| undesired effects |
| agonist |
| a chemical substance which complexes with and activates the functional properiesof a receptor |
| anion |
| negatively charges particles |
| antagonist |
| a chemical substance which reduces or abolishes the effect of an agonist |
| bioavailability |
| % of administered drug which is absorbed; relative rate at which administered drug reaches general public |
| cation |
| positively charged particle |
| clearance |
| rate at which a chemical sustance leaves the body |
| complexation |
| drug - drug or food-drug interation were two substances form a chemical or physical complex that is unable to be absorbed by the GI tract; ex- digoxin or tetracycline plus antacids |
| diffusion |
| movements of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration- form of passive transport |
| distribution |
| process of delivering a chemical substance to various tissues of the body and ultimately to the site of action |
| drug ( medication) |
| chemical substance used in humans for diagnisis, prevention, or treatment of disease, pain or suffering |
| drug allergy |
| form of adverse drug reactionprecipited by the interaction of the drug amd the body's immune system |
| drug interaction |
| drug - drug or food-drug reaction resulting increased or decreased pharmacologic effects of the drug |
| drug toxicity |
| form of adverse reaction which is extension of a drug's pharm properties and results from excessive dosing |
| elimination |
| metabolism + secretion |
| excretion |
| elimination of drugs, their metabolites, and bodily wastes from body |
| first order kenetics |
| pharmacokinetics model in which a fraction of a chemical substance is eliminated in a set unit of time |
| first pass effect ( metabolism) |
| chemical substance is absorbed by the GI system and metabolized by the liver before reaching the systemic circulation |
| generic name |
| non-properietary name of drug, same regardless of manufacturer |
| half-life |
| amount of time required to reduce original plasma concentration of a chemical substances by 50% |
| idiosyncracy |
| unusual or unpredicable reaction to a drug |
| incompatible |
| chemical or physical reaction between two or more drugs or drug and drug delivery device ( ex iv tubing) |
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