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A & P Week 14
Ch. 42, 43, & 44
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Urine is approximately 95% | Water |
| Crystallized mineral chunks that develop in the renal pelvis or calyces are called | kidney stones. |
| The branch of the abdominal aorta that brings blood into each kidney is the | renal artery. |
| The capillary network that is fitted neatly into the glomerular capsule is the | glomerulus. |
| _____ has a central role in the regulation of urine volume. | ADH |
| The nephron loop reabsorbs | water. sodium. chloride. |
| The ureter of each kidney conducts urine inferiorly from the kidney to the | bladder. |
| The principal organ of the urinary system is the | kidney. |
| The mechanism for voiding urine begins with the voluntary relaxation of the | external sphincter muscle of the bladder |
| Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes? | filtration, reabsorption, and secretion |
| Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes? | filtration, reabsorption, and secretion |
| The _____ is a structure important in maintaining blood flow because it secretes rennin when blood pressure to the afferent arteriole drops. | juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole. | glomerulus |
| The term that describes an inflammation of the bladder is | cystitis. |
| Of all the blood pumped per minute by the heart, approximately ____ goes through the kidneys. | 1/5 |
| There are how many openings in the urinary bladder? | Three |
| Reabsorption, as performed in the kidney, may be defined as the: | movement of molecules out of the tubule and into the peritubular blood. |
| The normal osmotic pressure of the capsular filtrate is _____ mm Hg. | 0 |
| Approximately how much blood flows through the kidneys per minute? | 1200 ml |
| Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the: | ureter. |
| Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced? | ADH. Aldosterone |
| Which of these statements is not true of the kidney? | The kidney is protected by a heavy layer of fat. The kidney is retroperitoneal. The kidney is usually located next to the vertebrae from T12 to L3. |
| The function of the urinary bladder is to: | serve as a reservoir for urine before it leaves the body. expel urine from the body, aided by the urethra. |
| Which of the following is the approximate threshold level for the reabsorption of glucose? | 300 mg/100 ml |
| Substances travel from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule by the process of: | filtration. |
| Which of the following is not a part of the glomerular-capsular membrane? | Parietal layer of the glomerular capsule |
| A portion of the nephron that can lie within the medulla is the: | nephron loop. |
| The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is: | creatinine. |
| Which of the following ions is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules? | Sodium |
| The shape of the kidney could best be described as _____-shaped. | bean |
| The mechanism for voiding begins with: | the relaxation of the internal sphincter. |
| ADH has the greatest effect on the reabsorption of water in the: | distal tubule. |
| One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is the male urethra is: | part of two different body systems. |
| Which structure of the kidney narrows as it exits the kidney to become the ureter? | Renal pelvis |
| Under normal conditions, most nutrients are reabsorbed in which portion of the nephron? | Proximal tubule |
| The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the: | renal pelvis. |
| Which of the following is(are) classified as an accessory organ of the urinary system? | Ureters. Urinary bladder. Urethra |
| The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the: | collecting tubule. |
| Urine formation involves all the following processes except: | catabolism. |
| Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys? | Regulate blood sugar |
| The portion of the nephron tubule that is essentially always impermeable to water is the: | ascending nephron loop. |
| A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause the filtration rate to: | decrease. |
| Which hormone tends to increase the amount of urine produced? | ANH |
| In the kidney, blood flows from the interlobular artery into the: | afferent arteriole. |
| What effect does drinking seawater have on the body? | The net transfer of water from the inside of your cells to the outside will cause the cells to shrink considerably. Osmosis happens and dehydration |
| A common type of electrolyte imbalance in which potassium is lost from the body, resulting in a serum potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L, is | hypokalemia. |
| A _____ is a substance that prevents marked changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or base is added. | buffer |
| Normal blood pH and acid-base balance depend on the ratio of base bicarbonate to carbonic acid buffer pair being _____ in the extracellular fluid. | 20:1 |
| When placed in an electrolyte solution with a weak current, positive ions such as Na+ will be attracted to the negative electrode and are called | cations. |
| Which of the following symbols/abbreviations is used to represent the negative logarithm of the number of hydrogen ions present in 1 liter of a solution? | pH |
| The cardinal principle of fluid balance is that it can be maintained only if intake equals | output. |
| The two major types of control systems that operate to maintain the constancy of pH are | chemical and physiological. |
| Which of the following make up the pH homeostatic mechanism? | kidney excretion of acids and bases. respirations. buffers |
| In clinical medicine, the term _____ is used to describe an arterial blood pH of less than 7.5. | acidosis |
| The mechanism that tends to restore normal extracellular fluid volume when it decreases below normal is the | ADH mechanism. osmoreceptor. aldosterone mechanism. |
| Organic substances with the type of bond that does not permit the compound to break up in a solution are called | nonelectrolytes. |
| Although both acid and base components are important, the homeostasis of body pH largely depends on the control of _____ ion concentration in the _____ fluid | hydrogen; extracellular |
| Functionally, total body water can be subdivided into the | intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. |
| Water enters the body by way of the digestive tract and by way of the | cell’s catabolism of foods. |
| Abnormally excessive water losses constitute a volume deficit and can lead to a state of dehydration or | hypovolemia. |
| According to Starling’s law of the capillaries, the control mechanism for water exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid consists of all of the following pressures except _____ pressure. | colloid diffusion |
| When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions, it primarily reabsorbs _____ ions. | chloride |
| What is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid? | Sodium |
| Which of the following is true of total body water? | Overweight people have lower water content per kilogram of body weight than slender people. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is part of the _____ fluid. | extracellular |
| Which of the following ratios of base bicarbonate to carbonic acid will maintain a normal pH? | 20:1 |
| What is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid? | Potassium |
| Which of the following is a true statement? | Arterial blood has an average pH of 7.41. |
| The pH of the blood is maintained at approximately: | 7.4. |
| Which of the following is not one of the seven basic solutions used for parenteral therapy? | Liquid protein |
| When the adrenal cortex is stimulated to increase its secretion of aldosterone, the first thing that happens is a(n): | increase in the kidney tubule reabsorption of sodium. |
| Which body location is not one that is usually impacted by edema? | Kidneys |
| The regulation of acid-base balance in the body fluids refers to the control of _____ ion concentration. | hydrogen |
| For the body to maintain an acid-base balance, which of the following is (are) necessary? | Buffering. Respirations. Urine secretion |
| In accordance with the physical laws governing filtration and osmosis, which of the following statements is true? | Blood colloid osmotic pressure tends to draw fluid back into the capillaries. |
| If the blood pH decreases below normal, the kidney tubules secrete _____ urine. | more hydrogen ions from blood to |
| Water normally leaves the body through _____ exits. | four |
| The total fluid or water content of the human body ranges from _____ of its total weight. | 45% to 75% |
| Which of the following would be important in treating metabolic alkalosis? | Chloride ions |
| In young adults, the percentage of body weight composed of water will average about _____ for males and _____ for females. | 60%; 50% |
| Which of the following is(are) classified as an acid-forming food? | Meat. Eggs. Poultry |
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Brookekotter0322
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