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JMSRush
7-6 JMS Heredity chapter 11 CPO
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Purebred | A condition when the paired genes for a trait are the same. |
Hybrid | A condition in which the paired genes for a trait are different. |
Dominant allele | The form of the gene that, when present, covers up the appearance of the recessive allele. |
Recessive allele | The form of a gene that is hidden when the dominant allele is present. |
Phenotype | The form of the trait that an organism displays. |
Genotype | The alleles of a gene an organism contains. |
Gene | A unit that determines traits. |
Genetics | The study of heredity. |
Alleles | Different forms of a gene |
Heredity | A set of traits an organism receives from its parents |
Punnett Square | Shows all of the possible combinations of alleles from the parents |
True-breeding plant | Will always produce offspring with the same form of a trait when it self-plollinates |
Cross-pollination | When the pollen from one plant is used to fertilize another plant |
Trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring |
Probability | The mathematical chance that an event will occur |
Incomplete dominance | When the phenotype of the two alleles blends |
Codominance | When an organism that has both alleles of a gene displays both phenotypes at the same time. |
Polygenetics | Traits that are determined by more than one gene. |
Homozygous dominant | A condition in which the paired genes are the same case represented by upper case letters |
Heterozygous | A condition in which the paired genes for a trait are different;often referred to as hybrid |
Homozygous recessive | A condition in which the paired genes are the same represented by lower case letters |
DNA replication | The process of a DNA molecule making a copy of itself |
Base sequence | The order of base pairs along a gene |
Adenine pairs with | Thymine |
Guanine pairs with | Cytosine |
Protein synthesis | The production of proteins in the cell |
Messenger RNA (mRNA) | Carries the three-letter codes from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome |
Transfer RNA (tRNA) | Decodes the base sequence and carries the correct amino acids to the ribosome. |
Protein | A chain of amino acids |
Base codes of mRNA | Uracil, cytosine, guanine, adenine |
Mutation | A change in the hereditary material of an organism |
Genetic disorder | An abnormal condition that an organism inherits |
Selective breeding | The process of selecting organisms with desired traits to serve as parents for the next generation |
Genetic engineering | The process of transferring genes from one organism into the DNA of another organism |
DNA Fingerprinting | The process of producing an image of patterns from someone's DNA |
Genome | The total amount of hereditary material in a single cell of an organism |
mitochondrial DNA | DNA that is found in the mitochondria. Inherited only from the mother. |