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UWSA2020
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| HIV Hx worst headache and confusion, CD4cell 400. Fever,seizures, hallucinations most likely test for diagnosis? | Cerebrospinal fluid PCR for herpesvirus |
| Presents in olfactory tract, olfactory cortex(temporal lobe), diagnosed temporal lobe hemorrhage/edema on brain imaging. Cerebrospinal fluid PCR for HSV. | HSV-1 mcc of sporadic encephalitis |
| Acute bacterial meningitis (strep pneumonia, Neisseria meningitis, Haemophilus influenza) presents with fever, nuchal rigidity lethargy or coma. Test to diagnose | CSF on Blood and chocolate agar culture |
| Untreated AIDS and CD4 <100 presents over a week with fever, malaise. Diagnostic test? | CSF latex agglutination for Cryptococcal antigen |
| causes PROGRESSIVE multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in untreated AIDS pts. Manifest over weeks as motor deficits, ataxia, visual changes. MRI reveal MULTIFOCAL areas of WHITE demyelination of periventricular While matter. Diagnosed with | CSF PCR for polyomavirus |
| Common in AIDS with CD4 <100. Presents with headache, confusion, fever. MRI shows MULTIPLE ring enhancing lesions. Diagnosed with | Serum anti-Toxoplasma antibody titer |
| Causes Encephalitis, fever, confusion, tremor,nmyoclonus, rigidity, flaccid paralysis. Diagnosed with | Serum anti-West Nile virus antibody titer. |
| Abdominal pain, reddish brown discoloration urine, aggressive outburst, taking oral contraceptives, what’s impaired ? | Acute intermittent Porphyria |
| Abdominal pain, neurological manifestations, no photo sensitivity, port wine colored urine. PBG deaminase and ALA in urine diagnosis | Acute intermittent porphyria (AD) |
| Defect in porphobilinigen PBG deaminase (hydroxymethylbilane synthase, uroporphyrinogen I synthetase) that can lead to | ⬆️⬆️ elevated PBG porphobilinogen deaminase and aminolevulinic acid (ALA) |
| Can be due to ⬆️ increase PROGESTERONE (puberty, contraceptives) certain medication (vit p450 inducer, barbiturates) alcohol, smoking, fasting, causes abdominal pain, neuropathy, port wine colored urine. | ALA synthase induction |
| Abdominal injury motor vehicle collision, hypotensive, tachycardic, pathologic changes? | Endothelial damage (ARDS) |
| Respiratory failure, diffuse pulmonary opacities following major trauma suggest? | Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
| Characterized by Hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary edema in the absence of fluid overload or HF? | ARDS (activated alveolar macrophages IL-1, IL-6, TNF) |
| Leads to an inflammatory response resulting in ⬆️ increased capillary permeability, intraalveolar fluid accumulation and hyaline membrane formation. | Injury to alveolar pneumocytes and pulmonary Endothelium |
| Occur in asthma, seen in ISOLATED collapse of a LUNG segment. | Bronchial mucus plugging |
| Associated with peripheral EDEMA, the balance between PULMONARY INTERSTITIAL Oncotic pressure and PLASMA oncotic pressure makes | Hypoalbuminemia |
| Acute chest pain, SOB, ⬆️troponin, ⬆️creatinine, histologically (nodular glomerulosclerosis Kimmelstiel Wilson) | Diabetic nephropathy |
| Result in glycosylation of endothelial proteins, inflammation and ⬆️increased production of growth factors, collagen, fibronectin. It results in | Glomerular basement membrane Thickening and glomerular sclerosis (Diabetic nephropathy) |
| Recurrent he studies associated with URI (synpharyngitic hematuria). LM shows Mesangial proliferation and immunofluorescence immune deposits, hyper cellular mesangium, | IgA nephropathy |
| Occurs in children LM shows NORMAL glomeruli but electron show DIFFUSE effacement podocytes | Minimal change disease |
| Uncontrolled HTN due to activation of RAAS. Parenchyma ischemia, diffuse CORTICAL THINNING, tubular atrophy and small crowded glomeruli | Renal artery stenosis |
| Cardiac tissue conduction velocity from FASTEST to slowest | Purkinje (2.2) Atrial, Ventricular muscle, AV node (slowest)0.05 |
| AV node (0.05 slowest) delays depolarization impulse allowing ventricular filling | Interatrial septum near the tricuspid orifice |
| Myocardial tissue function like a sphincter during ATRIAL SYSTOLE | Left atrium near the opening of the pulmonary vein |
| Action potential enter BUNDLE OF HIS(2.2) and L and R. Bundle branches located along the? | Membranous part of the interventricular septum |
| Impulses originate from SA node depolarization surrounding atrial myocardium at a 1.1 rate. | Right Atrial wall near the superior be a cava |
| Paget taking RISEDRONATE, bilateral hearing loss, corticosteroids, X-ray MIXED LYSIS and sclerosis with FOCAL periostal ELEVATION and reactive NEW bone formation (osteoblast) cause of symptoms? | Osteosarcoma |
| ⬆️Alkaline phosphatase, X-ray Lytic mixed sclerotic lesions, cortical and trabecular thickening, osteosarcoma is a complication (sunburst/codman triangle) | Paget bone disease |
| Long term glucocorticoids use, autoimmune disorders (SLE), blood viscosity, X-rays CRESCENT subchondral collapse at the femoral head | Avascular Necrosis |
| Elderly, improves with over the counter analgesics, X-ray osteophytes and joint space narrowing | Osteoarthritis |
| Older adults, increased risk if taking corticosteroids. X-ray TRABECULAR thinning and possible fracture. | Osteoporosis |
| Abnormal sensation of FOREIGN body, tightness, fullness in THROAT, when swallowing saliva, lump in throat, radiologic show esophageal obstruction | Globes sensation (globus hystericus) |
| Fragile mucosa folds that cause SOLID FOOD dysphagia, in mid to lower esophagus (mc in Plummer Vinson Sx) | Esophageal webs |
| Neurologic condition such as MS characterized by dysarthria, dysphagia, dysphonia, impaired movement of the tongue and facial muscles. | Pseudobulbar palsy |
| One or both THYROID lobes grow into the thoracic cavity. Enlargement compress airway lead to dyspnea, wheezing, cough | Substernal goiter |
| Mucosal OUTPOUCHING caused by motor abnormalities of the esophagus. Causes dysphagia, regurgitation, aspiration, halitosis, diagnosed on barium swallow | Zenker diverticula |
| Acute knee pain, unable to bear weight, heavy smoking, ischemic cardiomyopathy, synovial fluid show | Crystal arthropathy |
| Crampy abdominal pain, right sided pelvic mass, sticky dark BROWN fluid, presence of storms outside uterus | Endometriosis |
| Endometrial and storms WITHIN the uterine myometrium. | Adenomyosis |
| Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles with connective tissue | Leiomyomas |
| Ovarian GERM cell tumors, arise from germinal, mesodermal, endodermal and ectodermal tissue (hair follicles) | Mature CYST teratomas (dermoid cyst) |
| Diet consist in eggs, pregnant, unnecessary to intake | Vitamin A |
| Found in animal source (liver, kidney, egg yolk, butter) | Vitamin A (retinol) supplement |
| Positive nasopharyngeal swab test, medication inhibiting | Viral particle release (Oseltamovir-NeurAminidase) |
| Oseltamivir is an INHIBITOR of NeurAminidase of influenza A and influenza B viruses. It prevents the release of | Newly formed VIRAL particles. |
| Used for steptoccocal pharyngitis, cervical adenopathy, tonsillar exudate, cough(penicillin) | Inhibit Peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis |
| Participate in SUPERCOILING | Fluoroquinolones Inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase. |
| Bind to bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting Protein synthesis | Aminoglycosides |
| Inhibit VIRAL RNA polymerase and RNA fragment initiation and elongation, used in Hep C, RSV | Ribavirin |
| N terminal and C terminal propeptides cleaved by procollagen peptidases in EC space to form Triple helix | Collagen |
| Enterokinase in duodenal brush border cleaves pancreatic protease activating Trypsin. | Trypsinogen |
| Painless lymphadenopathy, interleukins, fragment of 180 base pair the finding is? | Evasion of apoptosis |
| Refers to DNA fragments in multiples of 180 base pair on gel electrophoresis. Follicular B cell lymphoma overexpressed BCL-2 anti APOPTOTIC protein | DNA laddering sensitive indicator of apoptosis |
| Activation of muscarinic M3 receptors in lung is by | Acetylcholine (leads to bronchial smooth muscle constriction) |
| Inhibits muscarinic M3 receptors on BRONCHIAL smooth muscle leading to smooth muscle RELAXATION. | Atropine |
| Progressive confusion, agitation, act bizarre, bugs crawling on the skin, smokes cigarettes, presentation is similar to overdose of | Atropine |
| Involves oocytes or spermatocytes and should be considered when genetic mutation in offspring but NOT in parents | Germline mutation |
| Achondroplasia, is a FULL penetrance, DNA extracted gene analyzed has mutation in FGFR for unaffected couple having children with disorder? | Germline mosaicism |
| DM controlled with metformin, HTN, regular activity should be? | Daily foot inspection(for signs of trauma or infection) |
| Chromosomal abnormalities, fever, fatigability, pancytopenia(weakness, infection, gingival bleeding), show AUER rods, bilobed nucleus, abundant cytoplasmic granules | Acute promyelocytic leukemia t(15-17) |
| Tumor cell have round nuclei with basophilic cytoplasm containing lipid vacuoles | Burkitt lymphoma t(8-14) |
| Leukocytosis with many immature myeloid cells | Chronic myelogenous leukemia t(9-22) |
| Produced EXCLUSIVELY by antigen stimulated T lymphocytes | IL-2 |
| Stimulate the growth of T and B cells, NK, macrophages | IL-2 cytokine it can promote Fas ,educated apoptosis |
| Produced by MONONUCLEAR macrophages | IL-1 cytokine |
| Produced by ACTIVATED macrophages, at high concentration causes septic shock and cachexia | TNF-a |
| Generated by Monicytes, macrophages, B cells and NK cells, protects uninfected cells from viral infection | INF-a |
| Function of substance affected by the chemical used in guinea pig? | Cadherins (does ogle is, adhesion molecules) |
| Calcium dependent adhesion molecules that bind epithelial cells together within tissues. | Cadherins |
| >1 day and <1 month sudden onset, full Return to Function | Brief psychotic disorder |
| >1 month and <6 months Functional decline | Schizophreniform disorder |
| >6 months includes >1month of active symptoms, can include prodromal | Schizophrenia |
| Damage to purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex seen in pts with ALCOHOL abuse, tremor in extremities, gait impairment. | Acute cerebellar degeneration |
| Chronic condition usually causes asymmetric limb weakness/atrophy fasciculations, slow movements | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| Progressive loss of distal sensation in a STOCKING GLOVE pattern. Muscle muscle can occur in severe cases | Diabetes mellitus type 2 (diabetic polyneuropathy) |
| Can cause DRY beriberi a symmetric peripheral neuropathy characterized by weakness, areflexia, pain, paresthesia. Deficiency can affect the brain causing WERNICKE encephalopathy(gait ataxia, oculomotor, confusion) | Thiamine deficiency vit B1 |
| Combined degeneration of DORSAL (⬇️vibratory sensation and gait) and CORTICOSPINAL (causing Babinski+), causes dysfunction of myelinated peripheral nerves leading to extremity weakness and sensory loss. | Cobalamin deficiency vit B12 |
| Associated with LAMBERT EATON Myasthemic Syndrome caused by voltages gated calcium channels on presynaptic membrane. LEMS resembles myasthenia graves but lesser | Small cell lung cancer (young non smoker) |
| Present with bitemporal hemianopsia (compression of OPTIC chiasm) headache (amass effect) diplopia(oculomotor nerve compression)a hormone abnormalities(hyperprolactinemia, Cushing, acromegaly) | Pituitary adenoma |
| Retinoblastoma (RB1) gene a tumor suppressor (one copy on each chromosome 13) germline mutation the mechanism is | Loss of heterozygosity (both copies must be lost for tumorigenesis |
| Numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacteria in the joint space indicates infection mcc infection in arthritis | Staphylococcus aureus and Neisseria Gonorrhea |
| Chemotherapy drug for mediastinal mass that develops high frequency hearing loss damaging organ of Corti of the cochlear membranous labyrinth | Cisplatin |
| Induced intestinal pneumonitis, progressive dyspnea, nonproductive cough, fever, patchy interstitial infiltration on xray. | Amiodarone (used in AF) |
| Sublingual nitroglycerin hemodynamic changes | ⬆️HR ⬇️ End diastolic LV volume |
| Beta blocker, calcium channel blockers hemodynamic | ⬇️HR (negative chronotriphic) ⬆️ ED-LV volume contractility |
Created by:
Lillianita
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