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A & P Week 10

Ch 27, 28, 29, & 30

QuestionAnswer
The difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is called pulse pressure.
Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called inotropic factors
Starling’s law of the heart states that, within limits, the longer, or more stretched, the heart fibers are at the beginning of the contraction, the stronger the contraction.
The localized pressure gradient needed to maintain blood flow in a tissue is called perfusion pressure.
The vagus is said to act as a “brake” on the heart. This situation is called vagal inhibition.
Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses is considered a major mechanism of vasodilation.
Which two factors promote the return of venous blood to the heart? blood-pumping action of respirations and skeletal muscle contractions
Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood. protein molecules present
Cardiac output is determined by stroke volume and heart rate.
The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell antigen.
The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the SA node.
Atria are often called _____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. receiving chambers
A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a(n) ECG.
Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are capillaries.
In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network. vascular anastomoses
The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica adventitia.
The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers.
The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except a E wave.
Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? tunica intima
From which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood? coronary arteries
Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation. systemic
During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein? It flows into the inferior vena cava
A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called leukopenia.
All of the following are granulocytes except lymphocytes.
Platelets play an important role in blood clotting.
During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? foramen ovale
Which sphincters function as regulatory valves that reduce the flow of blood through a network of capillaries when they contract and constrict the arterioles? precapillary sphincters
A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is erythropoietin.
Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: hematopoietic stem cells.
After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the left atrium.
Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta? elastic arteries
The _____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot. great saphenous vein
_____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. Hematocrit
The _____ is(are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery. head and upper extremities
Blood from the brachiocephalic vein drains into the head, neck, and upper extremity.
The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the myocardium
The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the pelvis.
The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is hemoglobin.
The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the pericardium.
Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called diapedesis.
Starling’s law of the heart states that, within limits, the longer, or more stretched, the heart fibers are at the beginning of the contraction, the stronger the contraction.
Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood. protein molecules present
Blood pressure is measured with the aid of an apparatus known as a(n) sphygmomanometer.
In the extrinsic pathway of stage 1 of the clotting mechanism, chemicals released from damaged tissues trigger the cascade of events that ultimately result in the formation of prothrombin activator.
The localized pressure gradient needed to maintain blood flow in a tissue is called perfusion pressure.
A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called leukopenia.
The difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is called pulse pressure.
Blood volume per kilogram of body weight varies inversely with: body fat.
_____, a natural constituent of blood, acts as an antithrombin and prevents clots from forming in vessels. Heparin
The term used to describe the collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood is: hemodynamics.
The physiological mechanism that dissolves clots is known as fibrinolysis.
All of the following are true statements except: both atria receive their blood supply from branches of the right and left coronary arteries.
Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses is considered a major mechanism of vasodilation.
_____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. Hematocrit
The heart begins beating in the fetus at about what stage of development? After about 4 weeks
A hematocrit of 56% would be an indication of: polycythemia.
Which two factors promote the return of venous blood to the heart? blood-pumping action of respirations and skeletal muscle contractions
All of the following are components critical to coagulation prothrombin. thrombin. fibrinogen. fibrin.
Which of the following is(are) involved in determining a person’s total blood volume? Age. Body type. Sex
The vagus is said to act as a “brake” on the heart. This situation is called vagal inhibition.
Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: hematopoietic stem cells.
Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called inotropic factors.
A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is erythropoietin.
The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell antigen.
Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors
Cardiac output is determined by stroke volume and heart rate.
Which of the following is true of ventricles? They are the pumping chambers of the heart. The myocardium of the ventricles is thicker than that of the atria. The myocardium of the left ventricle is thicker than that of the right ventricle.
The mechanisms of which three hormones work together to regulate blood volume? aldosterone, ANH, and ADH
What is the functional significance of large areas of cardiac muscle being electrically coupled to form a single functional syncytium? Because they form a syncytium, muscle cells can pass an action potential along a large area of the heart wall, stimulating contraction in each muscle fiber of the syncytium.
Created by: Brookekotter0322
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