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NAU Micro 7 & 8
NAU Microbial Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stores all information necessary for life and is the blueprint to proteins | DNA/ Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| The transmission of DNA from an organism to its progeny/offspring | Heredity |
| Progeny | Offspring |
| Threadlike molecules of DNA | Chromosomes |
| In DNA, name the pairs of nitrogenous complementary bases | A-T; T-A; G-C; C-G |
| In RNA transcription from DNA, name the nitrogenous pairs of complementary bases | T-A; A-U; C-G; G-C |
| 2 strands of DNA wound together | Double Helix |
| Follow steps DNA goes through in order to make proteins | DNA replicates to make DNA, DNA transcribes to RNA, RNA translates to amino acid chains which make a protein |
| DNA transcribes into a nucleic acid-RNA; then translates into a 3D fold of amino acids | Genetic Information Transfers |
| Basic unit of heredity, is a linear sequence of nucleotides of DNA that form a functional unit of a chromosome, will code for a protein | Gene |
| A permanent alteration in the base sequence of DNA. May or may not change the phenotype. | Mutation |
| Is a region of DNA that facilitates the transcription of a particular gene. | Promoter |
| The template strand of the DNA double helix that follows a 3'-5' pattern. | Leading Strand |
| Is the newly made DNA template strand that is antiparallel and follows a 5'-3' pattern | Lagging strand |
| Must constantly synthesize proteins to carry out their life processes; reproduction, growth, repair & regulation of metabolism | All Cells |
| Is DNA transcribing into RNA, synthesizing a protein with translation of RNA. | Protein Synthesis |
| Lets the translation RNA know the amino acid is complete | Stop Codon |
| DNA template transcribers: | tRNA/transfer RNA; rRNA/ribosomal RNA; mRNA/messenger RNA |
| Binds closely to certain proteins to form 2 kinds of ribosome subunits | rRNA/ ribosomal RNA |
| Is synthesized in units that contain sufficient information to direct the synthesis of one or more polypeptide chains. | mRNA/ messenger RNA |
| A small molecule of RNA that transfers a specific active amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation | tRNA/ transfer RNA |
| Occurs in the ribosomes; the change from a nitrogen based language of mRNA to the amino acid language of a synthesized protein. | Translation |
| Occurs in the nucleus, the DNA molecule unwinds and information from DNA is transferred to mRNA. | Transcription |
| A change in the genotype but did not change the phenotype. | Silent Mutation |
| The specific characteristics displayed by the organism | Phenotype |
| Genetic information contained in DNA | Genotype |
| Causes of mutations: | Are spontaneous, chemical mutagens and radiation |
| 3 ways of bacteria is transferred: | Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation |
| Bacteria acquires another naked DNA and transfers that DNA to the bacteria | Transformation |
| Process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus. | Transduction |
| Transfer of genetic material between bacteria through the pili | Conjugation |
| Bacteria transformation is always | Horizontal and the DNA will vary |
Created by:
FKrouse
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