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Genetic Definitions

TermDefinition
Adaptation any trait of an organism that increases its chances of surviving and reproducing
Allele variations of genes that determine traits in organisms; the two corresponding alleles on paired chromosomes constitute a gene
Chromosome a structure made of coiled DNA that transfers hereditary information to the next generation
Dominant a form of gene that is expressed as the trait when a dominant allele is present
DNA a molecule that contains an organism’s genetic information
Evolution the process by which modern organisms have descended from earlier lifeforms
Gene the basic unit of heredity carried by the chromosomes; codes for proteins which determine the traits of an organism
Genome an organism’s complete set of DNA
Genotype an organism’s particular genetic makeup
Heredity the passing of traits from parent to offspring
Heterozygous a gene composed of two different alleles (a dominant and a recessive)
Homozygous a gene composed of two identical alleles
Mutation a random change in an organism’s DNA; a mutation can have positive, negative, or neutral effects on the organism
Natural Selection the process by which the individuals best adapted to their environment tend to survive and pass their traits to subsequent generations
Population all the individuals of one kind in a specified area at one time
Punnett Square a mathematical model that predicts the probability of possible genotypes and the phenotypes resulting from a genetic cross
Recessive a form of a gene that is expressed only when a dominant allele is not present
Theory of Evolution the theory that all species are descended from common ancestors who have changed over time by means of natural selection
Trait the specific way a feature is expressed in an individual organism; for example, blue and green eyes are traits for eye color
Variation the range of expression of a trait within a population
Charles Darwin Father of Evolution
3 Conditions for Natural Selection There must be variation of traits in a population The trait must be inherited, passed to offspring by genetic heredity Individuals with beneficial traits (adaptations) reproduce successfully than other individuals
Created by: kspoltman1
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