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Folds & Faults
Gilkey - Inside Restless Earth - Ch.4
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| the amount of force per unit area that is put on a given material | stress |
| the type of stress that occurs when an object is squeezed | compression |
| the type of stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object | tension |
| when rock layers bend due to stress in the Earth's crust | folding |
| the surface along which rocks break and slide past each other | faults |
| blocks of crust on each side of the fault | fault block |
| the fault block that is above a fault | hanging wall |
| the fault block that is below a fault | footwall |
| a fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall - usually occur when tectonic forces cause tension that pulls rocks apart | normal fault |
| a fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall - usually happens when tectonic forces cause compression that pushes rocks together | reverse fault |
| faults that occur when opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally | strike-slip fault |
| mountains that form when rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upward | folded mountains |
| mountains that form when large blocks of the Earth's crust drop down relative to other blocks | fault-block mountains |
| mountains that form when molten rock erupts onto the Earth's surface | volcanic mountains |
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gilkey
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