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Two areas os activity are designed to ensure the best possible diagnosis at an acceptable radiation dose and with minimum cost. These areas are ______________ and _____________.
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Quality assurance deals with ___________.
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RadQA
Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two areas os activity are designed to ensure the best possible diagnosis at an acceptable radiation dose and with minimum cost. These areas are ______________ and _____________. | Quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) |
| Quality assurance deals with ___________. | People |
| A program of QA monitors proper patient __________, ___________, and _____________. | Scheduling, reception, and preparation |
| QA also involves image interpretation. Did the patient's ultimate disease or condition agree with the radiologist's diagnosis? This is called _______________. | Outcome analysis |
| All of these QA activities require attention from the imaging team, but they are principally the responsibility of the _____________. | Radiologist |
| A program of ________ is designed to ensure that the radiologist is provided with an optimal image produced through good equipment performance and resulting in minimal patient radiation exposure. | Quality Control (QC) |
| Quality Control deals with _____________ and ____________. | Instrumentation and equipment |
| ____ begins with the x-ray imaging systems used to produce the image and continues with the routine evaluation of image-processing facilities. | QC |
| Each new Rad eqpt must be acceptance tested b4 it is applied clinically. The test must be done by someone other than the _________ cause it is des. to show that the eqpt is working within the manfac’s spec. and is producing and acceptable pt rad dose. | Manufacturer's representative |
| An acceptable QC program consists of three steps: ____________, ________________, and ______________. | Acceptance testing, routine performance monitoring, and maintenance |
| As with QA, QC requires a team effort, but QC is principally the responsibility of the _________________. | Medical Physicist |
| Perphaps the most important patient protection characteristic of a radiographic imaging system is _______________ of the x-ray beam. | Filtration |
| State statutes require that general purpose radiographic units have a minimum total filtration of ___________. | 2.5 mm Al |
| Misalignment must not exceed _____ of the source-to-image receptor distance (SID). | 2% |
| With a PBL collimator, the x-ray beam must not be larger than the image receptor except in the _________________. | Override mode |
| The spatial resolution of a radiographic imaging system is determined principally by the ____________ of the x-ray tube. | Focal-Spot size |
| Three tools are used for measurement of foacl-spot size: ___________, ____________, and ____________. | Pinhole camera, star pattern, and slit camera |
| ____________ should be evaluated annually or whenever an x-ray tube is replaced. | Focal-spot size |
| The ____________ should be evalauated anually or whenever high-voltage generator component have changed significantly. | kVp calibration |
| A variation in kVp of approximately _____ is necessary to affect image optical density and radiographic contrast. | 4% |
| The measured kVp should be within ____ of the indicated kVp. | 10% |
| Exposure timer accuracy should be within ___ of the indicated time for exposure times greater than ___. | 5%; 10ms |
| Accuracy of ____ is acceptable for exposure times of ______. | 20%; 10 ms or less |
| Regardless of the material thickness and the absolute exposure time, the optical density of the processed image should be __________. | Constant |
| If the phototimer fails, the backup timer should terminate the exposure at ____ or _____, whichever occurs first. | 6 s or 600 mAs |
| Exposure linearity must be within ____ for adjacent mA stations. | 10% |
| Sequential radiation exposures should be reproducible to within ______. | +/- 5% |
| Viewbox illumination should be analyzed photometrically on an annual basis. This is done with an instrument called a _______, which measures light intensity at several areas of the illuminator. | Photometer |
| Intensity should be at least _________ and should not vary by more than _____ over the surface of the illuminator. | 1500 cd/m^2; +/- 10% |
| The entrance skin exposure (ESE) for an adult averages ___ to ______ during fluoroscopy; this can result in a skin dose of _____ for many fluoroscopic examinations. | 3 to 5 R/min; 10 rad |
| For interventional procedures, a skin dose of ________ is not uncommon but should be avoided if possible. | 100 rad |
| Federal law and most state statutes require that under noraml operation, the ESE shall not exceed ___________. | 10 R/min |
| For interventional procedures the fluoroscope may be equipped with a high-level control which allows an ESE up to ________. | 20 R/min |
| Measurements for exposure rates are made with a __________ that these levels are not exceeded. | Calibrated radiation dosimeter |
| _________, _______, _______, and _______ filters are used to determine the adequacy of any automatic brightness stabilization (ABS) system. | Lucite, aluminum, copper, lead filters |
| Proper exposure of the cassette spot film depends on the _____, ________, and _____________________________. | kVp, mAs value, and sensitivity characteristics of the screen-film combination |
| An ESE of approximately _______ may be assumed for a cassette spot film. | 200 mR |
| Photofluorospot images uses less _________, require les _____________, and are produced with a lower ____________. | film, personnel interaction, and patient dose |
| Photofluorospot images are recorded on film from the ____________ of an image-intesifier tube. | output phosphor |
| An ESE of approximately _____ may be assumed for a photofluorospot. | 100 mR |
| Each system functions in the manner of the phototimer of a radiographic imaging system, producing constant image brightness on the video or flat panel monitor, regardless of the ___________ or ___________ of the antaomy. | thickness; composition |
| Fluoroscopic AEC should be evaluated __________. | annually |
| With incrementing from one tomographic section to the next, the section level should be accurate to within ________. | +/- 2mm |
| Constancy of ______ from one QC evaluation to the next should be achieved. | +/- 1mm |
| Digital image receptors have unique artifacts associated with ______________. | Pixel failure |
| Environmental radiation can contribute to _____________. | Ghost artifacts |
| The variation in x-ray intensity should not exceed _____. | 5% |
| __________ is a process that monitors and evaluates the quality of the care and services provided to patients within a health care facility. | Quality management |
| The terms ______________ and _____________ are used to encompass all activities related to quality management, including utilization and risk management, infection control, surgical case review, medication usage evaluation, and heatlh record. | quality assurance; quality assesment |
| _____________ activites include work performed by various hospital committees and the medical staff, as well as other professional staff from various hospital departments. | Quality management |
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