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Cells EOC Review
Cell theory , cell organelles , cell transport
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nucleus | controls the cell's activities ; holds DNA |
| homeostasis | keeping stable internal conditions |
| Rough ER | "bumpy" part of ER that makes proteins |
| Smooth ER | part of ER that makes lipids and detoxes the cell |
| cell membrane | selectively allows some particles to move enter & exit the cell |
| vacuole | used for storage of water, food, waste (is much larger in plant cell) |
| cell wall | made of cellulose ; provides support and structure for plant cells |
| mitochondria | makes chemical energy (ATP) ; powerhouse of the cell |
| chloroplast | only in plant cells ; makes glucose (C6H12O6) by photosynthesis |
| centriole | only in animal cells ; helps separate chromosomes during cell division |
| ribosome | makes proteins (can be "free" or attached to RER) |
| cell theory | states that all cells come from pre-existing cells, cells are the building blocks of life & all organisms are made of cells |
| prokaryotic | cell without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles ex. bacteria |
| eukaryotic | cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles ex. plant and animals |
| cytoplasm | watery cell environment ; is where glycolysis happens |
| DNA, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes | 4 things found in all cells |
| flagella | long tail that allows bacteria cells and sperm cells to move around |
| isotonic solution | solution where cell stays same size |
| hypertonic solution | solution where cells shrinks (gets smaller) |
| hypotonic solution | solution where cell swells (gets larger) |
| passive transport | movement WITH the gradient not requiring energy |
| active transport | movement AGAINST the gradient requiring energy |
| simple diffusion | movement of particles (except water) from high to low with no help |
| facilitated diffusion | movement of large particles (except water) from high to low with help from transport proteins |
| osmosis | movement of waterfrom high to low |
| endocytosis | movement of large particles (nutrients) INTO the cell needing ATP |
| exocytosis | movement of large particles (waste) OUT of the cell needing ATP |
| photosynthesis | converting sunlight, water +CO2 --> glucose + oxygen |
| cellular respiration | converting glucose & oxygen -->> ATP & CO2 |
| fermentation | process of making 2 ATP when oxygen is NOT present |
| aerobic | means WITH oxygen |
| anaerobic | means WITHOUT oxygen |
| ETC (electron transport chain) | step of cellular respiration making 32-34 ATP |
| glycolysis | the splitting of glucose (makes 2 ATP) |
| Krebs Cycle | 2nd step of cellular respiration (makes 2 net ATP) |
| Oxygen (O2) | gas made during photosynthesis & needed for cellular respiration |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) | gas made during cellular respiration & needed for photosynthesis |
Created by:
cadetjt
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