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Biotechnology
Biotechnology (8.L.2.1)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biotechnology | Using technology and altering living organisms to create useful products |
| Gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |
| Genome | All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes. |
| Gene splicing | A type of gene recombination in which the DNA is intentionally broken and recombined using laboratory techniques. |
| Cloning | A process in which a cell, cell product, or organism is copied from an original source. |
| GMO | (aka genetically modified organisms) Foods that are mostly products or organisms that have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistance, increased productivity, or nutritional value allowing growers greater control, predictability, and efficiency. |
| Bioremediation | is the use of organisms to clean up pollution |
| Herbicide resistance | A common trait in commercial GMOs is: being able to resist a herbicide |
| Ethics | A system of moral principles. |
| Insecticide | substance that kills insects |
| Pesticide | A chemical intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage crops. |
| Herbicide | A substance used to destroy plants, especially weeds |
| Agriculture | the science of farming 1. Cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops 2. Breeding animals to provide food, wool, and other products |
| Crossbreeding | when 2 different organisms are bred together to make a new species |
| DNA fingerprinting | The analysis of DNA samples (body tissues or fluids) in order to identify individuals. |
| Gene therapy | Using genes to treat or prevent disease 1. Replacing a mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy of the gene 2. Taking out a gene that is not functioning properly 3. Introducing a new gene into the body to help fight a disease |
| Genetic modification | Changing the genes in organisms to achieve a medicinal or agricultural purpose |
| Selective breeding | the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits |
| Transgenic | an organism whose genetic makeup has been altered to contain one or more genes from another organism or species |
| Genetic engineering | A technology that includes altering the genetic material of a cell resulting in desirable functions or outcomes that would not occur naturally. |
| Biomedical | having to do with the intersection of medicine and the natural sciences, such as biology and biochemistry |
| Biomass | A modern name for the ancient technology of burning plant or animal material for energy production |
| Sustainability | The ability to keep in existence |
| Hybrid | An animal or plant resulting from a cross between different organisms |
| Biofuel | A fuel that comes from plant/algae material or animal waste |
| Fossil fuel | An energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago |
| Genetic sequencing | The technique used to find the order of DNA bases (DNA pieces) of a particular organism |
| Antibiotic resistance | the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic |
Created by:
jhandy8
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