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Cell Processes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate; nucleotide, energy |
| molecules that make up ATP | Adenine, Ribose, 3 phosphate groups |
| triphosphate tail | where energy is stored in an ATP molecule |
| How do cells release energy stored in ATP molecule | breaking off phosphate groups from tail |
| inorganic phosphate | the phosphate that was taken off when releasing potential energy |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| chemical work | building or deconstructing large molecules |
| mechanical work | moving |
| active transport | pumping ions across membrane |
| ATP is... | recyclable |
| Where does the energy come from to rebuild ATP molecules? | food |
| cellular respiration | breaking apart glucose to make ATP |
| Aerobic Cellular Respiration formula (chemical equation) | C6H12O6+6O2+6CO2+6H2O+36-38ATP |
| Aerobic Cellular Respiration formula (word equation) | glucose+oxygen--> carbon dioxide+water+energy |
| How many ATP molecules can glucose generate up to? | 38 |
| Four stages of respiration | Glycolysis, creation of acetyl CoA, Krebs cycle, Electron transport chain/Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| glycolysis | glucose is broken in half. 1 glucose molecule ----? 2 pyruvic acid or pyruvate molecules, occurs in cytoplasm |
| what is needed for glycolysis? | 2 ATP molecules... but later on creates 4 ATP molecules |
| what 2 molecules does glycolysis create? | ATP and NADH |
| pyruvate | glucose broken in half |
| NADH | high energy molecule |
| aerobic respiration | O2 is used, glucose is further proccessed, occurs in mitochondria |
| 2 steps to aerobic respiration | glycolysis, mitochondrial reactions |
| mitochondrial reactions | series of chemical reactions further processing glucose using O2-- 36 additional ATP are made, 6CO2 and 6H20 is made, occur in mitochondria |
| anaerobic respiration | fermentation, without oxygen, occurs during excersize |
| lactic acid fermentation | starts w/ glycolysis, occurs in muscle cells during times when O2 is absent or in short supply, occurs in cytoplasm, makes 1 product (lactic acid) |
| lactic acid downside | produces lactic acid which causes burning muscles |
| alcoholic fermentation | starts w/ glycolysis, yeast and bacteria, occurs in cytoplasm, makes 2 products (CO2 and ETHANOL (alcohol)) |
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kt-uses-study-stack
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