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Biology (Academic)
Review for the Semester Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the functions for proteins | Make bones & muscles, fight back disease, transport substance in & out, and maintain the rate of the chemical reaction |
| What are the functions for lipids | Is used to store energy, serve as chemical messenger, and some of them are important parts of biological membranes & waterproof coverings |
| What are the functions for carbohydrates | Main source of energy(sugar & starches) and plants & animals use it for structural purposes |
| What is a organic compound? | Compund containing carbon |
| What is solvent? What is an example of this? | Substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution; for example, water |
| What are the components of carbohydrate? (Remember, carbo-hyd-rates) | Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| What is solute? | Substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution; for example, salt |
| What are the 3 components of an ATP molecule? | 5-carbon sugar (ribose), adenine, and phosphate group |
| Which process releases energy? | Cellular Respiration |
| Which process converts resources to store energy? | Photosynthesis |
| When does the fermentation occur? | Absence of oxygen |
| Which cell division produces somatic cell? | Mitosis |
| Which cell division produces gametes? | Meiosis |
| ......... are credited for discovering a double helix (DNA) | Watson and Crick |
| According to the principle of ........., hydrogen bonds can form only between adenine & thymine and between guanine & cytosine | base-pairing |
| True or False - Mitosis produces a somatic cell, which is haploid | False |
| What are the components of a DNA molecule? | 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| According to base-pairing, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine? | Thymine |
| After a strand of DNA transcripted into an mRNA, what changes are made in the mRNA? | Thymine, into Uracil |
| Which nitrogenous base pairs with cytosine, according to base-pairing? | Guanine |
| What is transcription? | Part of the DNA is copied into a complementary strand of DNA (mRNA) |
| What is translation? | Decoding of mRNA into a protein |
| What does ribosomes do? | Assemble proteins |
| How can a breeder increase the genetic variation in a population? | Inducing mutation |
| Define volume | How much space an object occupies |
| Define mass | How many matters are there in an object? |
| Define length | How far is it (distance) |
| Does matter change? | No |
| Define density | How many matters are in a given volume; mass divided by volume |
| What are enzymes? How does it work? | Proteins that act as biological catalyst; speeds up chemical reaction and uses enzyme-substrate complex |
| What is a difference between a eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell? | Eukaryotic cell is the only one that has a nucleus and a membrane-bound organism |
| What makes eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell similar? | They both have a DNA |
| Why is water called the "universal solvent"? | It is because of its polar molecules, which have a positive and negative charge |
| What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion? | Osmosis only diffuse water |
| What does the faciliated diffusion and active transport need, in addition to the membrane? | Protein channel |
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