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Genetics!
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | Genetic material in the nucleus of a cell, provides instructions for cell traits. |
| Gene | A DNA section of a chromosome that codes for a trait. |
| Chromosome | A collection of genes, made of DNA, that carries genes from parents to offspring. |
| Trait | Any inheritable characteristic (physical or behavior). |
| Mutation | A mistake made when a cell is copying DNA before mitosis, can result in a positive ,negative change in resulting cells or offspring. |
| Genetic Disorder | A disease caused by a mutation in DNA. |
| Allele | A version of a gene – there may be multiple versions in a population, such as alleles for hair color. |
| Genotype | Genetic make-up of an organism, the particular combination of alleles. |
| Phenotype | Physical make up of an organism, the actual physical features and behaviors. |
| Dominant Trait | Trait that if the allele is present in the genotype, it will always be expressed in the offspring. |
| Recessive Trait | Trait that is only expressed if two copies are present in the genotype. |
| Homozygous/Purebred | Two copies of the same allele for a trait (TT or tt). |
| Heterozygous/Hybrid | One dominant and one recessive allele for a trait (Tt). |
| Sexual Reproduction | Reproduction where 2 parents each donate 50% of their genes to produce a genetically diverse offspring. |
| Asexual Reproduction | Reproduction where 1 parent makes a genetically identical offspring with 100% the same genes. Ex: cloning, binary fission, budding. |
| Genetic Variation/Diversity | The amount of different allele combinations present in a population of organisms. More diverse populations have more organism with different combinations of alleles. |