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Cell Membrane

TermDefinition
cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell
selectively permeable allows some items to cross and prevents others
phospholipid 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate group attached to glycerol backbone
"head region" (phosphate group) is... polar/hydrophillic
"tail region" (fatty acid) is... nonpolar/hydrophobic
lipid bilayer how phospholipid molecules form to make cell membrane
Why do phospholipids orient themselves the way they do in a cell membrane? Polar heads like water (cell is surrounded and filled with water) and nonpolar tails crowd together in the middle of the membrane, avoiding the water.
amphipathic part polar and part nonpolar
what makes up a cell membrane? phospholipids and proteins
types of membrane proteins structural, transport, enzymes, and marker (STREAM)
marker proteins ANTIGENS-- "name tags" to identify cells. Helpful to our immune system-- identify our cells vs. foreign cells.
transport proteins allows some molecules to enter/exit the cell-- involved in diffusion/transport
enzyme proteins catalyze chemical reactions-- important in chloroplasts/mitochondria
structural proteins help cell membrane attach to cytoskeleton also plays role in cell division-- helps make connections to other cells.
receptor proteins allows neurotransmitters or hormones to trigger cell response inside cell
glycoprotein unique tag of sugar molecules-- type of marker proteins
cholesterol molecules stabilize membrane-- helps stiffen or loosen fatty acid "tails" ANIMAL CELLS ONLY
fluid-mosaic model arrangement of all molecules in a cell membrane.
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