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WED & Soil

Weathering/Erosion

TermDefinition
Weathering The process of breaking rock into smaller pieces.
Mechanical Weathering type of weathering that breaks rock into smaller pieces through physical processes that change the size & shape of the rock.
Chemical Weathering Type of weathering that breaks rock through chemical processes that change the molecular structure of the rock.
Sediment Smaller pieces of rock.
Erosion The process by which water, wind and ice carries sediment from one location to another.
Deposition when erosion stops, sediments fall into layers in a new location.
Abrasion sand and small rock is carried by wind or water and grinds away rock (like a sand blaster)
Plant Growth roots of trees grow into cracks and break apart rock
Animal Actions Animals digging in soil can break rock into smaller pieces.
Freezing & Thawing (ice wedging) Water gets into cracks of rocks and freezes. The water EXPANDS and breaks down rock.
Release of Pressure When rocks reach Earth's surface, reduced pressure causes the rock to crack and flake.
Water Water dissolves rock and is the most important agent of chemical weathering.
Oxygen in the presence of water and iron, oxygen causes rocks to RUST in a process called oxidation.
Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide combines with air and creates a weak acid that can break rock down.
Living organisms Living organisms produce weak acids that slowly break rock down.
Acid Rain Burning fossil fuels creates acid rain that can break down rock.
Delta Area that forms as river waters empty into a larger body of water.
Beaches Area of the shoreline made of sediments deposited by waves or rivers.
Barrier Islands Long, narrow islands made of sand that form parallel to the shoreline. They provide a barricade that protects the main land from more weathering and erosion.
Marshes Area found at the transition between water and land ecosystems.
Rivers deposition that occurs as the speed of a river slows and drops out sediment.
Soil the loose weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants grow.
Bedrock The solid layer of rock beneath the soil
Humus the decayed organic material in soil that provides the nutrients.
Topsoil The dark crumbly soil rich in humus and makes up the A horizon.
Subsoil The horizon that contains little humus and weathered rock.
Parent material This is large pieces of weathered rock that makes up the C horizon.
Decomposers Organisms that break down the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces.
Loam A type of soil that has an equal mix of sand, silt and clay providing the best environment to grow plants.
Created by: RobGelminiDMS
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