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Organization

Second unit for Anatomy & Physiology

TermDefinition
Atom The smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element, consisting of a nucleus containing combination of neutrons and protons and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus by electrical attraction.
Molecule The smallest physical unit of an element or compound consisting of one or more like atoms in an element or two or more different atoms in a compound.
Cell The smallest structure and function unit of an organism
Tissue Consists of specialized cells and their product
Organ Made up of different tissues, it is usually self-contained and has a vital function for the organism
Organ System A group of organs that work together to form one or more functions.
Organism An individual comprised of many organ systems to allow the organism to survive.
11 Body Systems Digestive, Muscular, Skeletal, Reproductive, Integumentary, Endocrine, Nervous, Respiratory, Urinary, Circulatory, Lymphatic
Cell Membrane Surrounds the cell, semi-permeable, and composed of proteins & lipids
Cytoplasm Watery substances that holds the organelles in place
Ribosomes Where protein synthesis occurs
Smooth ER Channels in the cytoplasm that transport materials and contains no ribosomes on the outside of itself
Rough ER Channels in the cytoplasm that transport materials and contains ribosomes on the outside of itself
Mitochondria The site of cellular respiration; produces ATP
Lysosomes Vesicles containing digestive enzymes that is involved in digestion of food, breaking down old cell organelles and breaking down bacteria
Vacuole Sac used for storage. Plant = Few Large ones Animal = Many small ones
Mitosis Cellular division that results in two identical daughter cells, with the same number of chromosomes and genetic information
Four Stages of Mitosis (in order) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Interphase The resting phase between cell division DNA is unravelled in the nucleus of the cell Cells spend most of their time in this phase
Prophase Chromosomes condense Nuclear envelope disappears Spindles form Centrioles move to the opposite poles
Metaphase Nuclear envelope completely dissolved Chromosomes line up along the center Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromatid and begin to pull them apart
Anaphase Spindles shortened Chromosomes move to each pole of the cell
Telophase Nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes Chromosomes uncoil Spindles dissolve
Cytokinesis Cytoplasm splits into two new identical cells
4 Types of Tissues Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Muscle tissue, and Nervous tissue
Functions of Epithelial Tissue to protect, for sensory functions, to secret, to absorb, to excrete
Examples of Simple Epithelial tissue Simple squamous epithelium, Simple cuboidal epithelium, Simple columnar epithelium and Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Examples of Stratified Epithelial tissue Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelium, Stratified squamous (nonkeratinized) epithelium, Stratified cuboidal epithelium, Stratified columnar epithelium, and Stratified transitional epithelium
Functions of Connective Tissue to connect, to support, to transport materials and to protect
Four Main Types of Connective Tissue Fibrous, Bone, Cartilage and Blood
Examples of Fibrous Connective Tissue Areolar, Adipose, Reticular and Dense
Examples of Bone Connective Tissue Compact bone and Cancellous Bone
Examples of Cartilage Connective Tissue Hyaline, Fibrocartilage and Elastic
Function of Muscle Tissue Contractions that allows different parts of the body to move
Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac
Skeletal Muscle Tissue Striated and voluntary
Smooth Muscle Tissue Non-striated and involuntary
Cardiac Muscle Tissue Striated and involuntary
Functions of Nervous Tissue Rapid regulation and integration of body activities
Examples of Nervous Tissue Neuron and Neuroglia
Created by: CMacKay16
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