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NAU Micro 5,6
NAU Metabolism Concepts and Bacterial Growth & Culture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The sum of all chemical processes carried out by living organisms | Metabolism |
| Building, using energy to make a larger molecule | Anabolism |
| Breakdown of food to create energy | Catabolism |
| A preserved culture of a particular species and strain that is kept in the American type culture collection. | Reference Type Culture |
| Freeze-drying of microbes, then can be woken up when at room temperature | Lyophilization |
| Feeds microbes when doing plates in the lab | Media & Agar |
| Cell environments gain water and swell then burst | Hypoosmotic environment |
| Shrinking of a cell | Plasmolysis |
| Cell environments lose water and undergo plasmolysis | Hyperosmotic Environment |
| Low concentration to high concentration | Osmotic pressure |
| Many coenzymes are synthesized from this: | Vitamins |
| Binds to the active site of an enzyme thereby inhibiting the reaction. This is necessary because there needs to be a way to slow down or stop the rate of metabolism | Competitive Inhibitor |
| Distort the shape of the enzyme enough to interfere with binding of the normal substrate | Non-competitive Inhibitor |
| Many enzymes can only catalyze a reaction if there are present: | Coenzyme and Cofactor |
| Usually an inorganic ion that often improves the fit of an enzyme with its substrate and allowing the reaction to proceed | Cofactor |
| The substance on which an enzyme acts | Substrate |
| Contains the binding site, recognizes & allows binding of the substrate | Active Site |
| Yields 2 ATP | Energy |
| Inputs 2 glucose molecule and Outputs 2 pyruvic acids and 2 NADH | Glycolysis |
| Spores are created by: | Clostridium and Bacillus |
| Explain how microbes with oxygen go through metabolism | One glucose molecule through glycolysis yields 2 pyruvic acids. Then undergoes Krebb cycle which yields 34 ATP |
| Explain how microbes without oxygen go through metabolism | One glucose molecule through glycolysis yields 2 pyruvic acids. Then undergoes fermentation and yields 3 ATP |
| Explain Krebb Cycle or Electron Transport Chain | Inputs= 6 O2, Outputs= 6 H2O and Energy Yielded= 34 ATP |
| Uses of energy | 1. Biosynthesis 2. Membrane Transport 3. Movement |
| Replication or division: | Growth and cell division |
| When a mother cell grows and pinches off becoming 2 daughter cells | Binary Fusion |
| Explain bacterial growth curve | Lag Phase, Log Phase, Stationary Phase, Death Phase |
| Bacteria sits and eats, adjusting to their environment | Lag Phase |
| Where the bacteria duplicates rapidly | Log Phase |
| Bacteria start running out of food & only waste product is around. Same number of bacteria growing as the same number of bacteria dying | Stationary Phase |
| Bacteria has run out of food, no room for growth and too much waste product. | Death Phase |
| Which microbes divide by budding | Yeast and a few bacteria |
| Physical factors affecting bacterial growth | 1. Oxygen 2. Moisture 3. pH 4. Temperature 5. Hydrostatic Pressure 6. Osomotic Pressure 7. Radiation |
| Must have O2 for metabolism, grows at the top of a test tube | Obligate Aerobe |
| Must not have O2 or will not grow. Grows at the very bottom of the test tube. Some live in the colon. | Obligate Anaerobe |
| Needs only a little bit of O2. Grows toward the middle top part of the test tube. Ex: Food poisoning | Microaerophile |
| Grows anywhere, needs and doesn't need Oxygen. Ex: E.Coli and Staph | Faculative Anaerobe |
| Microbes that affect human disease | Typical Mesophile (Escheria) |
Created by:
FKrouse
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