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Cell Parts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| prokaryotes | no nucleus/membrane bound organelles |
| eukaryotes | has nucleus/membrane bound organelles |
| bacteria are... | prokaryotes |
| nucleus | controls cell, contains DNA in chromatin form PLANTS AND ANIMALS |
| chromatin | long, linear pieces of DNA |
| nucleolus | inside the nucleus; makes ribosomes PLANTS AND ANIMALS |
| cytoplasm | holds cell organelles in place; where all chemical reactions take place; PLANTS, ANIMALS, PROS |
| ribosomes | produce proteins (protein synthesis) |
| protein synthesis | to make proteins |
| mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell; make energy; PLANTS AND ANIMALS |
| cellular respiration | mitochondria converting glucose (food we eat) into ATP (ANIMALS) |
| vacuole | store different materials; ex. water or poison; PLANTS AND ANIMALS |
| large central vacuole | food and water storage; ONLY IN PLANTS |
| lysosomes | contain hydrolitic enzymes that digests worn out cell pieces ANIMAL AND PLANT |
| peroxisomes | contain enzymes (catalases) that break down hydrogen peroxide |
| rough ER | small ribosomes on it that make and transport protein ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS |
| smooth ER | no ribosomes on it, but they do synthesize lipids ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS |
| golgi body | packaging and delivery of proteins ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS |
| cytoskeleton | protein fibers that give the cell some shape/form; contain microfilaments and microtubules |
| cilia | tiny hairs around a cell that help it move |
| flagella | cell "tail" that helps cell move |
| centrioles | helps a cell divide; ANIMAL CELLS ONLY |
| cell wall | helps maintain structure and rigidness; made of cellulose; PLANT CELL ONLY |
| cellulose | long string of glucose molecules that are indigestible! PLANT CELLS ONLY |
| chloroplasts | contain chorophyll that helps a plant photosynthesize; PLANT CELLS ONLY |
| chlorophyll | makes a plant green and helps plants photosynthesize; PLANT CELLS ONLY |
| large central vacuole | one big vacuole that only PLANTS HAVE, and store materials in water environment |
| endosymbiosis | chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from tiny prokaryotes that lived inside of larger prokaryotes |
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