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Cell Parts

TermDefinition
prokaryotes no nucleus/membrane bound organelles
eukaryotes has nucleus/membrane bound organelles
bacteria are... prokaryotes
nucleus controls cell, contains DNA in chromatin form PLANTS AND ANIMALS
chromatin long, linear pieces of DNA
nucleolus inside the nucleus; makes ribosomes PLANTS AND ANIMALS
cytoplasm holds cell organelles in place; where all chemical reactions take place; PLANTS, ANIMALS, PROS
ribosomes produce proteins (protein synthesis)
protein synthesis to make proteins
mitochondria powerhouse of the cell; make energy; PLANTS AND ANIMALS
cellular respiration mitochondria converting glucose (food we eat) into ATP (ANIMALS)
vacuole store different materials; ex. water or poison; PLANTS AND ANIMALS
large central vacuole food and water storage; ONLY IN PLANTS
lysosomes contain hydrolitic enzymes that digests worn out cell pieces ANIMAL AND PLANT
peroxisomes contain enzymes (catalases) that break down hydrogen peroxide
rough ER small ribosomes on it that make and transport protein ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS
smooth ER no ribosomes on it, but they do synthesize lipids ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS
golgi body packaging and delivery of proteins ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS
cytoskeleton protein fibers that give the cell some shape/form; contain microfilaments and microtubules
cilia tiny hairs around a cell that help it move
flagella cell "tail" that helps cell move
centrioles helps a cell divide; ANIMAL CELLS ONLY
cell wall helps maintain structure and rigidness; made of cellulose; PLANT CELL ONLY
cellulose long string of glucose molecules that are indigestible! PLANT CELLS ONLY
chloroplasts contain chorophyll that helps a plant photosynthesize; PLANT CELLS ONLY
chlorophyll makes a plant green and helps plants photosynthesize; PLANT CELLS ONLY
large central vacuole one big vacuole that only PLANTS HAVE, and store materials in water environment
endosymbiosis chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from tiny prokaryotes that lived inside of larger prokaryotes
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