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A & P Week 5
Ch 11, 12, & 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is cartilage slow to heal? | because it is semi-solid and flexible & it does not have a blood supply |
| Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue? | Formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers. |
| Which of the following bones is (are) formed by intramembranous ossification? | the flat bones of the cranium |
| Bones grow in length due to activity in the ________. | epiphyseal plate |
| Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation ________ | In the endosteum or periosteum |
| Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate? | calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved |
| In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes? | They die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity. |
| best describes the axial skeletal structure. | Supports and protects organs, Provides framework for muscles that adjust positions of neck , head, and trunk, Provides framework for muscles that anchor and stabilize the appendicular bones & provides framework for muscles that perform respiratory movements |
| Adipocytes, found in the yellow bone marrow, stores and releases | fat and triglycerides for energy. |
| Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident? | protection of internal organs |
| Without red bone marrow, bones would not be able to | make blood cells |
| What provides flexibility and smooth surfaces for movement? | Cartilages |
| The fontenelles of an infant's skull consists of | fibrous membrane |
| fontanelles of The infant brain | Allows for brain growth. The anterior fontanelle closes at about 2 years of age. The fontanelles are fibrous membranes. The anterior and posterior fontanelles allow for overlaping of skull bones to decrease the diamiter of the fetal head at birth. |
| T/F Hematopoietic stem cells that are found in red bone marrow can develop into a variety of different blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. | True |
| The cells responsible for active erosion of bone minerals are called: | osteoclasts. |
| A person with a fractured patella would expect discomfort in the: | knee. |
| As the activity of osteoblasts increases, the: | amount of calcium in bone increases. level of calcium in the blood decreases. |
| Bones grow in diameter by the combined action of which two of the three bone cell types? | osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| T/F Because of how the clavicle articulates with the scapula, all shoulder movements involve the sternoclavicular joint. | True |
| The primary ossification center of a long bone is located: | in the diaphysis. |
| Appositional growth of cartilage occurs when chondrocytes begin to divide and secrete | additional matrix. |
| Bones act as a reservoir for which of the following minerals? | Calcium |
| Hematopoiesis is carried out in the: | red bone marrow. |
| Until bone growth in length is complete, a layer of the cartilage, known as the _____, remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis. | epiphyseal plate |
| Which of the following may cause skeletal variations? | Inadequate supply of calcium and vitamin D Mechanical stress Age |
| Small cells that synthesize and secrete a specialized organic matrix are | osteoblasts. |
| When the knee is flexed | the patella can be easily distinguished. |
| If the cribriform plate is damaged, there is a chance of: | infectious materials passing from the nose to the brain. |
| A condition that is caused by an abnormally increased roundness in the thoracic curvature is | kyphosis. |
| In intramembranous ossification, the process of appositional growth refers to the: | addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones |
| During childbirth, a baby passes through an imaginary plane called the: | pelvic outlet. |
| Calcification of the organic bone matrix occurs when | complex calcium salts are deposited in the matrix. |
| the following what is dependent on the proper amount of calcium ions in the blood | Blood clotting Transmission of nerve impulses Contraction of cardiac muscle |
| what are some characteristic of the diaphysis? | Provides a bulbous shape for attachment of muscle |
| The humerus articulates proximally with the clavicle. | |
| In the epiphyseal plate, the zone of hypertrophy is in the _____ layer. | third |
| Normally, bone loss will begin to exceed bone gain between the ages of _____ years. | 35 and 40 |
| An age-related skeletal disease that is characterized by loss of bone mineral density and increased bone fragility is | osteoporosis. |
| Blood calcium levels involve secretion of which two hormones? | parathyroid and calcitonin |
| primary functions performed by bones are Mineral storage, Protection, Hematopoiesis | |
| In bone formation, the cells that produce the organic matrix are the osteoplasts | |
| characteristic of the epiphyses are: Made of spongy bone, Contain red bone marrow | |
| The humerus articulates proximally with the scapula. | |
| An open fracture is also known as a compound fracture. | |
| examples of the bone in the appendicular skeleton are | tarsals femur clavicle |
| What pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed? | pubis |
| The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | pubic symphysis. |
| Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? | fontanels |
| The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the mandible. | |
| The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the periosteum. | |
| metacarpals are the finger in the hand and from some of the frame work | |
| Cartilage is classified as _____ tissue. | connective |
| The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the | sternum. |
| Anteriorly, each rib of the first seven pairs attaches to the | sternum. |
| What bones are in the leg | Finish in morning |
| The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the | hyoid. |
| Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called | myeloid tissue |
| The extracellular components of bone matrix are | hard and calcified. |
| Which two bones join to form the posterior part of the hard palate? | palatine |
| bones in the axial skeleton | |
| Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist? | carpals |
| Which two bones compose the shoulder girdle? | clavicle and scapula |
| If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with a subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a | female. |
| Spongy bone is characterized by open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. | |
| Why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as floating ribs? | Floating ribs do not attach even indirectly to the sternum. |
| diaphysis is | The main shaft-like portion of a long bone |
| The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the patella. | |
| Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body? | femur |
| Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called osteons. | |
| Which lower leg bone is smaller and is located laterally? | fibula |
| The two bones that form the framework for the forearm are the radius and ulna. | |
| What structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched positions? | ligaments and tendons |
| zygomatic bone is a facial bone |
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Brookekotter0322
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