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A & P Week 3

Ch 5, Ch 6, & Ch7

QuestionAnswer
The two processes of protein synthesis are transcription and translation.
The cell process in which microorganisms or other large particles are engulfed is called phagocytosis.
Glycolysis occurs in what part of the cell? cytoplasm
Red blood cells are placed in an unknown solution. After 45 minutes, the cells are examined and determined to have decreased in size. The unknown solution is hypertonic.
the following phase is NOT correctly matched with its description anaphase – mitosis is complete
Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis into that solution is called _____ pressure. osmotic
Mitosis is subdivided into four phases, including all of the following except karyophase.
The total number of 46 chromosomes per cell is referred to as _________ number. diploid
Diffusion moves down a concentration gradient.
The component that distinguishes one nucleotide from another is the nitrogen base.
If oxygen is available, the pyruvate molecules formed by glycolysis are prepared to enter the next phase of aerobic cellular respiration, called the citric acid cycle.
RNA makes proteins by translation.
In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes move to the opposite ends of the cells along the spindle fibers? anaphase
Osmosis can be defined as the net movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
Meiotic division occurs in primitive sex cells.
In the electron transport system, the final electron acceptor is oxygen.
Diffusion can be defined as the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
In the DNA molecule, a sequence of three base pairs forms a(n) codon
Facilitated diffusion is not an active transport process because it does not depend on cell energy.
Proteins that act as catalysts are called enzymes.
A chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction is a(n) catalyst.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of meiosis? two haploid gametes
Replication of DNA occurs in which phase of interphase? S phase
Meiosis is called “reduction division” because the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
Normal mitosis results in cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called a(n) allosteric effector.
Which of the following is an active transport process? endocytosis
If red blood cells containing 10% solute are placed in a solution containing 10% solute, what will happen? Water will move into and out of the cells at equal rates.
Transcription can best be described as the synthesis of mRNA.
The result of meiosis is four daughter cells that are haploid.
Two solutions of different concentrations of glucose are separated by a membrane that allows both glucose and water to pass through. When dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be: an even exchange of material across the membrane.
If a sequence of nitrogen bases in nucleic acid were A-U-C-G-A, which of the following would be true about the nucleic acid? It contains ribose sugar.
Twenty-three chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as: haploid.
Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through: active transport.
Which of the following terms is synonymous with tumor? Neoplasm
NaCl would move through the cell membrane in which direction? Both into and out of the cell
Phagocytosis is an example of: endocytosis.
The pairing of bases of a strand of DNA is obligatory. If a strand of DNA were composed of the base sequence of ATCG, what would be the obligatory sequence of its opposing base pairs? TAGC
A sequence of three bases forms a(n): codon.
Which is not true about the sodium and potassium pump? Sodium moves into the cell and potassium moves out of the cell.
An individual’s entire set of DNA can be referred to as a: genome.
Which of the following is not true of RNA? It contains deoxyribose sugar.
All of the following are examples of passive transport filtration. osmosis. dialysis.
Diffusion requires: a concentration gradient.
A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following double helix shape. obligatory base pairing. phosphate groups.
A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. This describes the process of: carrier-mediated transport.
T/F The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm. TRUE
During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell? Prophase
All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except: chromosome number remains at 46.
Transcription can be best described as the: synthesis of mRNA.
The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of: filtration.
When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis? Metaphase
T/F Diffusion uses cellular energy FALSE
The small water channels in the cell membrane are called: aquaporins.
Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called: facilitated diffusion.
Water will move through the cell membrane by: osmosis.
Extensive weight training causes the muscle cells to: hypertrophy.
A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a red blood cell would be: hypertonic.
Which is true about the sodium and potassium pump? Three sodium ions are taken out of the cell.
Which of the following cytoskeleton elements are the largest in diameter? microtubules
The outer boundary of a human cell is called the plasma membrane.
This membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell. rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell? centrosome
Ribosomes are organelles that float in the cytoplasm and attach to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Where is the plasma membrane located? The outter most layer of the cell
Cisternae of this organelle are continuous with the nuclear envelope. rough endoplasmic reticulum
T/F The plasma membrane has tubulin protein FALSE
An example of a type of cell extension that lines the intestines and other areas of the body is? microvilli
An example of a double membrane structure is? mitochondrion.
Where is the nucleus located in a cell? The most center of every cell
lysosome is primarily a sac of? powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases.
Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged as a bilayer with their polar heads sandwiched between the nonpolar tails.
T/F integral proteins in the plasma membrane are more abundant by volume than the membrane phospholipids. FALSE
This organelle is numerous in liver and kidney cells. peroxisome
Where is the Golgi Apparatus in a cell? inside the plasma membrane and it looks like little flowers from sponge bob
T/F Microfilament is a cytoskeleton element. False
What organelle primarily modifies products from the rough ER, and it resembles a stack of hollow saucers, one cupped inside the next. ? Golgi apparatus
What membranous organelle contains oxidase and catalase enzymes? peroxisome
The inside of the cell is composed largely of a gel-like substance called cytoplasm.
T/F mitochondria is an organelle is characterized by folded membranes called cristae. TRUE
In the matrix of the plasma membrane, a variety of proteins are embedded. Some of these proteins serve as passageway for Na+ ions or glucose. These proteins are called signal proteins.
Where is the RER in a cell and what does it look like? On the inside of the plasma membrane and it looks like a cornmaze that would lead to a nucleus
Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a membrane system known as the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Which organelle has both a cis and a trans face? Golgi Apparatus
In a cell, where is the mitochondrion and what it looks like. It is right outside of the RER and could look like almost as if it were a worm
Often referred to as the “power plant” of the cell, which organelle is the site of ATP production? mitochondrion
What is a gap junction? a junction that is formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other
The Nucleus is a spherical membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material of the cell and is often referred to as the command center
A major function of the cell membrane is to control what enters and leaves the cell.
Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function? Cell division
Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called: caveolae.
The nucleolus is composed chiefly of: rRNA.
microvilli is called The cell extension that contains microfilaments
Where does ATP production occur in? Mitochondrion Organelle
What are some functions of the proteasome? Breaking down abnormal and misfolded proteins released from the ER Looks like a hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits Requires the small protein called ubiquitin to pull proteins in
The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the: phospholipid bilayer.
The fundamental organizational unit of life is the: cell.
In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule: faces the exterior of the cell. faces the interior of the cell.
The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily? Cholesterol
Main cell structures include: organelles. plasma membrane. cytoplasm.
The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the: lysosome.
Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus? Lysosomes
Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted? Golgi apparatus
Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by: desmosomes.
The centrosome is often called the microtubule organizing center.
What cell can recognize and destroy nonself cells? Immune cells
T/F lysosomes and ribosomes are membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm TRUE
Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell? Proteasomes
DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? Nucleus
What is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? Provides a site for ribosome attachment
T/F Ribosomes are surrounded by a membrane structure FALSE
A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the: flagellum.
T/F the rough endoplasmic reticulum makes lipids and carbohydrates, made of broad, flattened sacs, has many ribosomes attached to it TRUE
The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the: glycoprotein molecules.
Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?” Microfilament
Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules. What is their function? Help organize the various components of the plasma membrane Play an important role in the pinching of a parent cell into two daughter cells Sometimes allow the cell to form depressions that form a means of carrying substances into the cell
Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow? Primary cilium
The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: female sex cell or ovum.
A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read: microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments.
The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: plasma membrane.
The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae? Mitochondrion
T/F Ribosome is considered a nonmembranous organelle TRUE
The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called: microvilli.
Created by: Brookekotter0322
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