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Sookdeo ES Ch. 3
Earth's Environmental Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | all material in the universe that has mass and occupies space |
| atom | basic unit of matter |
| element | chemical substance with a set of properties that cannot be broken down |
| nucleus | central core of an atom |
| molecule | combination of two or more atoms of the same type or different types joined by covalent bonds |
| compound | a substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements |
| hydrocarbon | organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon |
| solution | mixture in which all ingredients are evenly distributed |
| macromolecule | larger molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids |
| protein | polymers that serve many functions in organisms |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule that direct protein production |
| carbohydrate | polymer that consist of atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| lipid | chemically diverse group of macromolecule that are classified together because they do not dissolve in water |
| pH | a scale from 0-14 that determines the acidity or alkalinity of a solution |
| feedback loop | a positive or negative input or output in the same system; examples are the predator prey relationship or a thermostat |
| erosion | removal of soil by water, wind, ice or gravity |
| geosphere | all the rocks at and below the Earth's surface |
| lithosphere | hard rock on or just below the Earth's surface; outermost layer of geosphere |
| biosphere | all the living and once living things on Earth |
| atmosphere | layers of gasses surrounding Earth |
| hydrosphere | all water including salt, fresh, liquid and vapor that is found on Earth's surface, underground, and in the atmosphere. |
| crust | thin layer of cool rock that forms Earth's outer skin on dry land and the ocean |
| mantle | a layer of very hot but mostly solid rock |
| core | made of molten metals such as iron and nickel that are almost as hot as the surface of the sun |
| tectonic plate | approximately 15 parts of the lithosphere including ocean floor and continents that move 2-15 centimeters per year |
| landform | mountains above and beneath the ocean surface, islands and continents that are created from tectonic plates |
| deposition | movement of eroded soil to a new location |
| evaporation | conversion of water from liquid to gas |
| transpiration | release of water vapors by plants through their leaves |
| precipitation | water in the form of rain, sleet or snow |
| condensation | change in the state of matter from a gas to a liquid |
| aquifer | the underground reservoir or storage of water underground |
| groundwater | freshwater found underground |
| law of conservation of matter | matter may be transferred from one type to another but it cannot be created or destroyed |
| nutrient | matter that organisms require for all life processes |
| biogeochemical cycle | nutrient cycles such as the carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, and nitrogen that cycle nutrients through Earth's spheres and organisms |
| primary producer | organisms such as plants and algae that produce their own food |
| photosynthesis | process by which producers make food using the sun's energy |
| consumer | organisms like animals that eat other organisms to obtain nutrients |
| decomposer | organisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down waste and dead organisms |
| cellular respiration | organisms use oxygen to release chemical energy; opposite of photosynthesis |
| eutrophication | overgrowth of producers such as algae when too much phosphorus is added to water |
| nitrogen fixation | conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia by either a lightning strike or when air comes in contact with a type of bacteria |
Created by:
dsookdeo
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