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Chapter 5
Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| is usually thought of as the framework of the body | Skeletal system |
| forms longitudinal axis of the body | Axial Skeleton |
| bones of limbs and girdles | Appendicular Skeleton |
| The adult skeleton has? | 206 bones |
| Homogeneous, dense and smooth | Compact Bone |
| Small needle -like pieces of bone and has many open spaces | Spongy bone |
| longer than wide, have a shaft with head at both ends and contain mostly compact bone | Long bones |
| generally cube-shape and contain mostly spongy bone | Short bones |
| thin and flattened, usually curved | Flat Bones |
| Irregular shape and does not fit into other bone classification categories | Irregular bones |
| shaft and makes up of bone length | Diaphysis |
| ends of the bone, consist of thin layer of compact bone enclosing area filled with spongy bone | Epiphysis |
| outside covering of the diaphysis | Periosteum |
| connective tissue fiber that secure periosteum to underlying bone | Sharpey's bone |
| supply bone cells with nutrients | Arteries |
| covers the external surfaces of the epiphysis and decreases friction at joint surfaces | Articular cartilage |
| thin line of bone tissues that looks different from the rest of the bones | Epiphyseal line |
| cavity of the shaft, storage for adipose tissue | Medullar cavity |
| surfaces features of bones, sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments | Bone Markings |
| grow out from the bone surfaces | Projections and processes |
| indentations in the bone | Depressions or cavities |
| A unit of bone consisting of central canal and matrix rings | Osteon |
| Opening in the center of an osteon, carries b.v and nerves | Central Canal |
| Canal perpendicular to the central canal | Perforating Canal |
| Cavities containing bone cells and arranged in concentric rings | Launae |
| rings around the central canal and sites of lacunae | Lamellae |
| Tiny canals, radiate from the central canal to lacunae and forms transport system that connect all bone cell to nutrient supply | Canaliculi |
| process of bone formation | Osteofication |
| mature bone cells | Osteocytes |
| bone-forming cells | Osteoblasts |
| A break in a bone | Bone Fracture |
| break that does not penetrate the skin | Close (simple) fracture |
| Bone breaks into many fragments | Comminuted |
| Bone is crushed | Compression |
| Broken bone portion is pressed inward | Depressed |
| Broken bone ends are forced into each other | Impacted |
| Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone | Spiral |
| Bone breaks incompletely much in the way a green twig breaks | Greenstick |
| is a localized mass of blood released from b.v but confined within an organ or a space | Hematoma |
| is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus | Break |
| is remodeled to form a permanent patch | Bony callus |
| uses plaster of paris and wading sheet to heal fractures | casting |
| large flat bones protecting brain | Cranium |
| holed eyes in anterior position, allow facial muscles to show feeling | Facia Bones |
| forms forehead, bony projections under the eyebrows, superior part of each eye's orbit | Frontal Bone |
| forms superior and parietal walls of the cranium, meet in the midline at sagittal suture, forms coronal suture | Parietal |
| inferior to parietal bone, join at squamous suture | Temporal |
| posterior bone of cranium, forms the floor and back wall of the skull, joins parietal bones at lambdoid suture | Occipital |
| large opening in the base of occipital bones, surrounds lower part of brain, allows spinal cord to connect to the brain | Foramen Magnum |
| rocker like bone on lateral side of foremen magnum, rest on first vertebrae of spinal column | Occipital Condyles |
| butterfly shapes, forms part of floor of cranial cavity | Sphenoid Bone |
| small depression in midline of sphenoid | Sella Turcica |
| large oval opening, allows fibers nerve V to pass to chewing muscles of lower jaw | Foramen Ovale |
| air cavities in the central part of the sphenoid | Sphenoid sinus |
| irregularly shaped, anterior to sphenoid, forms root of nasal cavity and parts of medial walls of orbits | Ethmoid Bone |
| projection from superior where outer cavity of brain attaches | Crista Galli |
| holey areas that allows fiber carrying impulses from olfactory receptors to reach brain | Cribriform Plates |
| fuse to form upper jaw, carry the upper teeth in the alveolar margin | Maxillary bones |
| forms the posterior | Palatine bones |
| forms anterior part of the hard palate | Palatine process |
| lighten skull bones | Paranasal sinuses |
| form the lateral walls of the orbit or eye sockets | Zygomatic Bone/Cheek Bone |
| finger nail sizes bones forming part of medial walls of each orbit, has a groove for passage of tears | Lacrimal Bones |
| small, rectangular bones forming the nasal bridge | Nasal Bones |
| single bone in the median line of the nasal cavity, forms nasal septum | Vomer Bones |
| thin curved bones projecting from lateral walls of the lateral nasal cavity | Inferior conchae |
| largest and strongest bone of the face, joins temporal bones, only free moveable joints in the skull | Mandible/Lower Jaw |
| 2 upright bones that connect the mandible | Rami |
| lighten the skull and give resonance and amplification to voice | Paranasal sinuses |
| the only bone that does not articulate with another bone | Hyoid Bone |
| is a large component to the infants total body length | fetal skull |
| fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones | fontanelles |
| separated by intervertebral discs | Vertebral Column |
| located in the neck | cervical vertebrae |
| located in the chest region | thoracic vertebrae |
| located in the lower back | lumbar vertebrae |
| curved bone of the lower back | Sacrum |
| the tailbone | Coccyx |
| opening for spinal cord | Vertebral foramen |
| forms a cage to protect major organs | Bony Thorax |
| appendages | Limbs |
| shoulder | Pectoral girdle |
| hip | Pelvic girdle |
| collarbone | clavicle |
| shoulder blade | scapula |
| the longer of the two forearm bones | Ulna |
| locate on the lateral or thumb side when the palm of the hand is facing forward | Radius |
| wrist | carpals |
| palm | metacarpals |
| fingers | phalanges |
| thigh bone | femur |
| shin bone | tibia |
| long and shin | fibula |
| immovable joints | Synarthroses |
| slightly movable joints | Amphiarthroses |
| freely movable joints | Diarthroses |
| generally immovable and bones united by fibrous tissue | Fibrous joints |
| immovable or slightly moveable | Cartilaginous joints |
| freely moveable, articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity | Synovial Joints |
| elongated bursa that warps around a tendon | Tendon sheath |
| inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction | Bursitis |
| inflammation of tendons sheath | Tendonitis |
| most common chronic arthritis, related to normal aging processes. | Osteoarthritis |
| an autoimmune disease, the immune system attacks the joints | Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| Inflammation of joints is caused by deposition if urate crystals from the blood | Gouty Arthritis |
| movement away from the body | Abduction |
| movement towards the midline | Adduction |
| a bending movement of that decreases the angle of the joint to bring the articulating bones closer together | Flexion |
| increases, to extend the articulating bones | Extension |
| combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction | Circumduction |
| unique rotation of the forearm | Supination |
| turns the ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally, with the weight on the inside edge of the foot | Eversion |
Created by:
arri019
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