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Biology Ch. 4
Cell size and structure
| Te | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1 trillion to 34 trillion cells | How many cells are in the human body? |
| 10; 1 human | There are __ bacteria cells for every __ ____ cell |
| cells | every living thing form the tiniest bacterium to the largest whale is made up of this |
| 17th; to small; naked eye | before the ___ century, know one knew cells existed because they were ____ to be seen with the ____ |
| Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek | ___ and ___ were the first to see and draw what a cell looked like |
| 1) all living things are composed of 1 or more cells 2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism 3)Cells come only from the replication of existing cells | What are the three principles of the cell theory? |
| Prokaryote | a single celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles |
| Eukaryote | An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| detailed/ highly structured | Eukaryote cells are far more ___/___ than Prokaryote |
| Do have DNA; Nucleus | Prokaryote cells _______, but its not contained in the _____ |
| protein Channels | in the cell membrane, helps transport materials across the membrane |
| Receptor proteins | in the cell membrane, identifies the cell by sending chemical signals |
| organelle | one of the smallest bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function |
| 1) proteins are made by ribosomes on the rough ER, then are transported to the Golgi apparatus 2) As proteins move through the Golgi apparatus they are repackaged and sent to the cell membrane 3) modified proteins are released outside the cell | What are the steps to make and export proteins |
| Cell | smallest unit of life |
| organ | a collection of tissue that can carry out a specialized function of the body |
| tissue | a group of cells that have a similar function |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform bodily functions |
| Cell , tissue, organ , organ system | What are the level of organizations of a cell |
| Interphase: G1, S, G2 Mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase Cytokinesis | what are the cell division stages |
| Histones | a type of protein molecule found in the chromosome of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryote cells |
| necleosome | an eukaryote structural unit of chromatin that consists of DNA wound around a core of histone proteins |
| Chromatid | 1 of 2 strands of a chromosome that becomes visible during meiosis or mitosis |
| sister chromatids | identical pairs of chromatids are called __- |
| Centromere | the region of the chromosome that holds he 2 sister chromatids together during mitosis |
| Cell cycle | the life of a cell |
| growth, DNA replication, preparation for cell division, and the devision of the nucleus and cytoplasm | the life of a eukaryote cell passes through phases of ___, ____, ____ , and _______- |
| interphase | the first three stages of cell division are called ___ |
| G1 ( first gap phase) S (synthesis phase) G2 (second gap phase) | Stages in the interphase stage |
| G1 | a cell rapidly grows and builds more organelles |
| S | a cells DNA is copped, each chromosome now consists of 2 identical chromatids |
| G2 | cell continues to grow and prepare to develop |
| mitosis | in eukaryote cells, a process of division thats forms 2 new nucleus |
| 2 sister chromatids | __- of each chromosome are pulled to opposite sides of the dividing cell |
| cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell |
| daughter cell | each ___ receives about half of the oringial cells organelles |
| prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase | the 4 stages of mitosis |
| spindle | a network of microtubules that forms during mitosis and moves chromatids to the poles |
| centrosome | the region of chromosome that holds the 2 sister chromatids together during mitosis |
| DNA | the cells activity is directed by its ___ |
| Genes | DNA is organized into heredity inits called ___ |
| chromosome | in eukaryote cells one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and proteins |
| Prokaryotic cells | __- has a single something molecule of DNA |
| Eukaryotic; proteins | ___ DNA is packaged into highly condensed Chromosome structures with the help of many ___ |
| DNA and Proteins | ___ and ___ make up a substance called Chromatin |
Created by:
kacarville
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