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Ch 11 G.H. Biology
Guest Hollow Biology Chapter 11 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abiotic factor | nonliving aspect of the environment such as sunlight and soil |
| biomass | total mass of organisms at a trophic level |
| biotic factor | living aspects of the environment, including organisms of the same and different species |
| carnivore | consumer that eats animals |
| chemoautotroph | producer that uses energy from chemical compounds to make food by chemosynthesis |
| competitive exclusion principle | principle of ecology stating that two different species cannot occupy the same niche in the same place for very long |
| decomposer | organism that breaks down the remains of dead organisms and other organic wastes |
| detritivore | decomposer that consumes detritus |
| detritus | substance composed of dead leaves, other plant remains, and animal feces that collects on the soil or at the bottom of a body of water |
| ecology | branch of biology that is the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment |
| food chain | diagram that represents a single pathway through which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem |
| food web | diagram that represents multiple intersecting pathways through which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem |
| habitat | physical environment in which a species lives and to which it has become adapted |
| herbivore | consumer that eats producers such as plants or algae |
| niche | role of a species in its ecosystem that includes all the ways the species interacts with the biotic and abiotic factors of the ecosystem |
| omnivor | consumer that eats both plants and animals |
| photoautotroph | producer that uses energy from sunlight to make food by photosynthesis |
| saprotroph | decomposer such as a fungus or protozoan that feeds on any remaining organic matter that is left after other decomposers do their work |
| scavenger | decomposer that consumers the soft tissues of dead animals |
| trophic level | feeding position in a food chain or food web, such as producer, primary consumer, or secondary consumer |
| aquifer | underground layer of rock that stores water |
| biogeochemical cycle | interconnected pathways through which water or a chemical element such as carbon is continuously recycled through the biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere |
| condensation | process in which water vapor changes to tiny droplets of liquid water |
| evaporation | process in which liquid water changes to water vapor |
| exchange pool | part of a biogeochemical cycle that holds an element or water for a short period of time |
| groundwater | water that exists in the ground either in the soil or in rock layers below the surface |
| nitrogen cycle | interconnected pathways through which nitrogen is recycled through the biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere |
| nitrogen fixation | process of changing nitrogen gas to nitrates that is carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil or in the roots of legumes |
| precipitation | water that falls from clouds in the atmosphere to Earth’s in the form of rain, snow, sleet, hail, or freezing rain |
| reservoir | part of a biogeochemical cycle that holds an element or water for a long period of time |
| runoff | precipitation that falls on land and flows over the surface of the ground |
| sublimation | process in which ice and snow change directly to water vapor |
| transpiration | process in which plants give off water vapor from photosynthesis through tiny pores, called stomata, in their leaves |
| water cycle | interconnected pathways through which water is recycled through the biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere |
| aphotic zone | area in aquatic biomes deeper than 200 meters |
| aquatic biome | water-based biomes, defined by the availability of sunlight and the concentration of dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the water |
| climate | average weather in an area over a long period of time |
| dormancy | state in which a plant slows down cellular activity and may shed its leaves |
| estuary | a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the ocean |
| freshwater biome | aquatic biome such as a pond, lake, stream, or river in which the water contains little or no salt |
| growing season | period of time each year when it is warm enough and wet enough for plants to grow |
| intertidal zone | in marine biomes, the narrow strip along the coastline that is covered by water at high tide and exposed to air at low tide |
| marine biome | aquatic biome in the salt water of the ocean |
| photic zone | area in an aquatic biome that extends to a maximum depth of 200 meters |
| phytoplankton | bacteria and algae that use sunlight to make food |
| terrestrial biome | a biome of or pertaining to land, as in terrestrial ecosystem |
| wetland | area that is saturated with water or covered by water for at least one season of the year |
| zooplankton | tiny animals that feed on phytoplankton |
Created by:
khirschy
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