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Ch 8 G.H. Biology
Guest Hollow Biology Chapter 8 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| autosome | chromosomes 1–22 in humans that contain genes for characteristics unrelated to sex |
| human genome | all of the DNA of the human species |
| Human Genome Project | international science project that sequenced all 3 billion base pairs of the human genome |
| linkage map | map that shows the positions of genes on a chromosome based on the frequency of crossing-over between the genes |
| linked genes | genes that are located on the same chromosome |
| sex chromosome | X or Y chromosome (in humans) |
| sex-linked gene | gene located on a sex chromosome |
| X-linked gene | gene located on the X chromosome |
| epistasis | situation in which one gene affects the expression of another gene |
| gene therapy | way to cure genetic disorders by inserting normal genes into cells with mutant genes |
| genetic trait | characteristic that is encoded in DNA |
| multiple allele trait | trait controlled by one gene with more than two alleles |
| nondisjunction | failure of replicated chromosomes to separate during meiosis II, resulting in some gametes with a missing chromosome and some with an extra chromosome |
| pedigree | chart showing how a trait is passed from generation to generation within a family |
| pleiotropy | situation in which a single gene affects more than one trait |
| sex-linked trait | traits controlled by a gene located on a sex chromosome |
| X-linked trait | trait controlled by a gene located on the X chromosome |
| biotechnology | use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things in order to produce useful products |
| gene cloning | process of isolating and making copies of a gene |
| genetic engineering | using biotechnology to change the genetic makeup of an organism |
| pharmacogenomics | field that is tailoring medical treatments to fit our genetic profiles |
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | biotechnology process that makes many copies of a gene or other DNA segment |
| recombinant DNA | DNA that results when DNA from two organisms is combined |
| synthetic biology | field of biology involved in engineering new functions from living systems |
| transgenic crop | crop that has been genetically modified with new genes that code for traits useful to humans |