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Ch 5 G.H. Biology

Guest Hollow Biology Chapter 5 vocab

TermDefinition
binary fission type of cell division that occurs in prokaryotic cells in which a parent cells divides into two identical daughter cells
cancer disease that occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated and cells divide out of control
cell cycle repeating series of events that a cell goes through during its life, including growth, DNA, synthesis, and cell division
cell division process in which a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells
cytokinesis splitting of the cytoplasm to form daughter cells when a cell divides
DNA replication process of copying of DNA prior to cell division
interphase stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cell grows, synthesizes DNA, and prepares to divide
mitosis process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides
tumor abnormal mass of cells that may be cancerous
anaphase third phase of mitosis during which sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
centromere region of sister chromatids where they are joined together
chromatid one of two identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together at a centromere before a cell divides
chromatin grainy material that DNA forms when it is not coiled into chromosomes
chromosome coiled structure made of DNA and proteins containing sister chromatids that is the form in which the genetic material of a cell goes through cell division
gene unit of DNA on a chromosome that is encoded with the instructions for a single protein
homologous chromosomes pair of chromosomes that have the same size and shape and contain the same genes
metaphase second phase of mitosis during which chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
prophase first phase of mitosis during which chromatin condense into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles separate, and a spindle begins to form
telophase last stage of mitosis during which chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin, the spindle breaks down, and new nuclear membranes form
asexual reproduction reproduction that involves a single parent and results in offspring that are all genetically identical to the parent
crossing-over exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes when they are closely paired during meiosis I
diploid having two of each type of chromosome
egg female gamete
fertilization union of two gametes that produces a diploid zygote
gamete reproductive cell produced during meiosis that has the haploid number of chromosomes
gametogenesis development of haploid cells into gametes such as sperm and egg
haploid having only one chromosome of each type
independent assortment independent segregation of chromosomes to gametes during meiosis
life cycle series of stages a sexually reproducing organism goes through from one generation to the next
meiosis type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half and four haploid cells result
sexual reproduction type of reproduction that involves the fertilization of gametes produced by two parents and produces genetically variable offspring
sperm male gamete
zygote diploid cell that forms when two haploid gametes unite during fertilization
Created by: khirschy
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