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Biomolecules

Polymers, monomers, elements, examples

TermDefinition
polymer a molecule made of many smaller subunits; result of a dehydration reaction
monomer small chemical unit (subunit) of a polymer; result of a hydrolysis reaction
carbohydrates the biomolecule that provides quick energy for the cell; made of the elements CHO
lipids the biomolecule that contains fats, oils, and waxes; made of the elements CHO; can be saturated or unsaturated
proteins the biomolecule responsible for cell transport and controlling the rate of chemical reactions (enzymes); made of the elements CHON and sometimes S
nucleic acids the biomolecule which contains our genetic information; made of the elements CHONP
organic compounds compounds that contain carbon; also called carbon compounds
carbon compounds another name for organic compounds because they all contain this element: C
biomolecule includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; found in all living things
macromolecule a very large molecule found in all living things
amino acids the monomer for proteins; enzymes are an example
nucleotide the monomer for nucleic acids; made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
glycerol and fatty acids (triglyceride) the monomer for lipids
molecule 2 or more atoms covalently bonded together
monosaccharide the monomer for carbohydrates; glucose is an example
polysaccharide 3 or more monosaccharides joined together; starches such as glycogen, cellulose, and chitin are examples
disaccharide 2 monosaccharides joined together; example glucose + fructose = sucrose
element a pure substance made of only one type of atom
mono- a prefix meaning 1
di- a prefix meaning 2
poly- a prefix meaning many
tri- a prefix meaning 3
Created by: traceeharts
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