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Test 1
A & P 1-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | study of body structure |
| Physiology | study of body functions |
| -tomy | cutting |
| -physio | nature, physical |
| -logy | study of |
| Disease | disrupts normal structure/function of body |
| Pathology | study of disease |
| Living matter is constructed of | water, salts, sugars, fats, and proteins |
| Cells | basic unit of all life |
| Tissues form | specialized groups of cells |
| Tissues function together as | organs |
| Organs functioning together | the body system |
| Integumentary system | the skin; protects from injury and infection |
| Skeletal system | body's basic framework |
| Muscular system | attached bones; produces movement |
| Nervous system | electrical signals sent by nerves to the brain; directs responses |
| Endocrine system | secretes hormones; regulates growth, nutrient use, and reproduction |
| Cardiovascular system | the heart and blood vessels; pumps blood throughout body |
| Lymphatic system | supports circulation; returns fluids from tissues to blood |
| Respiratory system | lungs and pathway of lungs; takes in air for gas exchange |
| Digestive system | takes in, converts, and absorbs nutrients into circulation |
| Urinary system | eliminates soluble waste, water, and regulates body fluids |
| Reproductive system | production of offspring |
| Homeostasis | state of internal balance |
| What is an example of homeostatic imbalance | disease |
| How the body maintains homeostasis | negative feedback |
| The 3 parts of negative feedback | sensor, control center, effector |
| Sensor | gathers information |
| Control Center | compares sensor information to set point |
| The bodies ability to maintain homeostasis relies on | barriers from internal/external environment |
| Cellular fluid | within cells |
| Extracellular fluid | outside cells |
| -intra | within |
| -extra | outside |
| Gradient | promotes the flow of a substance |
| Resistance | opposes the flow of a substance |
| Anatomic Position | standing upright, face front, arms at sides, palms forward, feet parallel |
| Superior | above or higher |
| Anterior or Ventral | toward the belly; front of body |
| Posterior or Dorsal | nearer the back |
| Medial | midline of body; divides into left/right sections |
| Lateral | toward the side; farther from midline |
| Proximal | nearer to origin or point of attachment |
| Distal | farther from origin or point of attachment |
| Frontal plane | cut in line with ears down middle of body |
| Sagittal plane | cut from front to back; right/left portions |
| Midsagittal plane | cut down midline; equal right/left halves |
| Transverse plane | horizontal cut; divides body into superior/inferior parts |
| CT | Computed Tomography |
| MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| Two main body cavities | Dorsal and Ventral |
| Two subdivisions of dorsal cavity | Cranial cavity and Spinal cavity |
| Larger than dorsal cavity; separated by diaphragm | Ventral cavity |
| Ventral cavity above diaphragm | Thoracic cavity |
| Cranial cavity contains | the Brain |
| Spinal cavity contains | Spinal cord |
| Cavity with heart, lungs, blood vessels that join heart | Thoracic cavity |
| Space between the lungs | Mediastinum |
| Anything that upsets normal structure/function of the body | disease |
| Located in the Ventral cavity; the abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into two different regions called | abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity |
| Abdominal cavity contains | stomach, most of the intestines, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen |
| Pelvic cavity contains | urinary bladder, rectum, internal parts of reproductive system |
| Remain within a narrow range or set point in the body; body temperature, volume/composition of body fluids, gas concentrations, and blood pressure | regulated variables |
| -dis | apart, away from |
| home/o- | same |
| -stat, stasis | constancy |
| Radiology | study/use of radioactive substances |
| co- | together |
| These bonds form when atoms share electrons | Covalent bonds |
| aqu/e- | water |
| In what solution is water considered the solvent | aqueous |
| heter/o- | different |
| These solutions are different throughout | heterogeneous |
| hom/o - | same |
| These mixtures are the same throughout | homogenous |
| hydr/o- | water |
| Deficiency of water | dehydration |
| -phil | to like |
| Substances "like" water--- they mix with or dissolve in it | hydrophilic |
| phob/o | fear |
| substances "fear" water--- they repel and do not dissolve in it | hydrophobic |
| -ase | suffix used in naming enzymes |
| An enzyme that acts on lipids | lipase |
| de- | remove |
| Changes its nature and ability to function of a protein | denaturation |
| di- | twice, double |
| Consists of two simple sugars | disaccharide |
| glyc/o | sugar, glucose, sweet |
| Storage form of glucose--- breaks down to release glucose | glycogen |
| mon/o | one |
| Consists of one simple sugar | monosaccharide |
| poly- | many |
| Consists of many simple sugars | polysaccharide |
| sacchar/o | sugar |
| tri- | three |
| ana- | upward, again, back |
| cata- | down |
| kine, kinet/o | movement |
| Energy of movement | kinetic |
| Breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones | catabolism |
| Building up of simple substances into more complex substances | anabolism |
| Have one fatty acid attached to each of three carbon atoms | triglycerides |
| cyt/o | cell |
| study of cells | cytology |
| micr/o | small |
| used to view structures to small to see with the naked eye | microscope |
| bi- | two |
| chrom/o | color |
| end/o | in, within |
| lys/o | loosening, dissolving, separating |
| -some | body |
| small bodies in the cytoplasm that help make proteins | ribosomes |
| small bodies (organelles) with enzymes that dissolve materials | lysosomes |
| membranous network within the cytoplasm | endoplasmic reticulum |
| small, threadlike bodies that stain darkly with basic dyes | chromosomes |
| double layer of lipid molecules | lipid bilayer |
| ex/o | outside, out of, away |
| hem/o | blood |
| hyper- | above, over, excessive |
| hypo- | deficient, below, beneath |
| iso- | same, equal |
| phag/o | to eat, ingest |
| pin/o | to drink |
| semi- | partial, half |
| membrane that lets some molecules pass through but not others | semipermeable |
| in this, the plasma membrane engulfs large particles and moves them into the cell | phagocytosis |
| in this, the plasma membrane "drinks" (engulfs) droplets of fluid | pinocytosis |
| this solution has the same concentration as that of the cytoplasm | isotonic |
| solutions' concentration is lower than that of the cytoplasm | hypotonic |
| solutions' concentration is higher than that of the cytoplasm | hypertonic |
| destruction of red blood cells | hemolysis |
| in this, the cell moves material out from vesicles | exocytosis |
| ana- | upward, back, again |
| inter- | between |
| meta- | change |
| pro- | before, in front of |
| tel/o | end |
| carcin/o | cancer, carcinoma |
| -gen | agent that produces or originates |
| chemical that causes cancer | carcinogen |
| the last stage of mitosis | telophase |
| the first stage of mitosis | prophase |
| second stage of mitosis--- when the chromosomes change position and line up across the equator | metaphase |
| the stage between one cell division and the next | interphase |
| stage of mitosis, where chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell | anaphase |
| hist/o | tissue |
| study of tissues | histology |
| epi- | on, upon |
| this tissue covers body surfaces | epithelial tissue |
| pseud/o | false |
| this epithelium appears to be in several layers but is not | pseudostratified epithelium |
| blast/o | immature cell, early stage of cell |
| a cell that produces fibers | fibroblast |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| a cartilage cell | chondrocyte |
| oss, osse/o | bone, bone tissue |
| this tissue is bone tissue | osseous |
| oste/o | bone, bone tissue |
| is a mature bone cell | osteocyte |
| cardi/o | heart |
| my/o | muscle |
| this is the heart muscle | myocardium |
| neur/o | nerve, nerve system |
| athr/o | joint |
| -itis | inflamation |
| peri- | around |
| pleur/o | side, rib |
| is inflammation of a joint | arthritis |
| wraps around the abdominal organs | peritoneum |
| inflammation of the peritoneum | peritonitis |
| are membranes that line the chest cavity | pleurae |
| aden/o | gland |
| angi/o | vessel |
| ant/i- | against |
| graph/o | writing, record |
| leuk/o | white, colorless |
| mal- | bad, discolored, diseased, abnormal |
| neo- | new |
| -oma | tumor, swelling |
| onc/o | tumor |
| papill/o | nipple |
| ultra- | beyond |
| high-frequency sound waves | ultrasound |
| projecting (nipple-like) tumor | papilloma |
| specialist in cancer treatment | oncologist |
| tumor that originates in adipose tissue | lipoma |
| abnormal growth of new cells, a tumor | neoplasm |
| spreads to other parts of the body | malignant |
| cancer of white blood cells | leukemia |
| x-ray imaging of the breast | mammography |
| drug active against cancer | antineoplastic agent |
| a tumor composed of small vessels | angioma |
| tumor of a gland | adenoma |
Created by:
kcady1
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