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Biol 100
Chapters 1, 2 & 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the basic characteristics of all living things? | 1. contain nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids 2. are composed of cells 3. grow and reproduce 4. use energy and raw materials 5. respond to their environment 6. maintain homeostasis 7. evolve and have adaptive traits |
| Name the 3 domains favored by many biologists | 1. Bacteria (consists of prokaryotes) 2. Archaea (consists of prokaryotes) 3. Eukarya |
| What are the characteristics of prokaryotes? | are very small , single celled organisms that lack a nucleus or other internal components |
| What are the characteristics of Eukarya? | have eukaryotic cells, contain a nucleus and complex internal compartments called organelles |
| What domain do humans belong to? | Eukarya, subdivision vertebrates (animals with a nerve cord protected by a backbone), and the mammal group |
| What are the 4 kingdoms of the Eukarya domain? | 1. protist 2. fungi 3. plants 4. animals |
| What is a unit of matter that cannot be broken down? | Atom |
| What is the chemical components of cells | Molecule |
| What is a component within the cell that carries out specific functions? | Organelle |
| What is the smallest unit of life? | Cell |
| What is a group of similar cells that perform the same function? | Tissue |
| What is a structure with two or more tissues working together to perform a function? | Organ |
| What is an organ systems? | At least two organs working together to perform a function |
| matter | anything that takes up space and has a mass |
| What is each atom composed of? | Smaller subatomic particles : protons, neutrons, and electrons. * These subatomic particles are characterized by their location within the atom, their electrical charge, and their mass. |
| What is a pure form of matter containing only one kind of atom? | Element |
| What does each atom have? | a nucleus at its center and a surrounding spherical "cloud" of electrons |
| Electrons move around the nucleus and occur at energy levels called? | Shells |
| How many electrons can the shell closest to the nucleus hold? and the next shell out holds? | 2 and 8 Atoms with more than 10 electrons have additional shells |
| The periodic table provides: | the atomic symbol, mass, and number for each element. |
| Atoms that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons are called? | Isotopes |
| How many protons and neutrons does a carbon atom have in the nucleus? | 6 and 6 |
| Two or more elements may combine to form a new chemical substance called a? | Compound * a compound's characteristics are usually different from those of its elements |
| What are atoms in a compound held together by? | chemical bonds |
| covalent bond | when two or more atoms share electrons in their outer shells. |
| ionic bond | results from the mutual attraction of oppositely charged ions. |
| hydrogen bond | The attraction between a slightly positively charged hydrogen atom and a slightly negatively charged atom nearby |
| macromolecules | exceptionally large molecules, including many important biological molecules |
| polymers | Macromolecules that consist of many small, repeating molecular subunits linked in a chain. |
| Carbohydrates | commonly known as simple sugars and starches, provide fuel (energy) for the human body. |
| What are carbohydrates made of? | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Monosaccharides | simple sugars (glucose), are the smallest molecular units of carbohydrates |
| Polysaccharides | complex sugars, forms when monosaccharides join together in long chains. |
| Disaccharide | are one type of oligosaccharide,is a double sugar that forms when two monosaccharides covalently bond to each other |
| What does a polysaccharide mostly store? | energy *starch in plants and glycogen in animals |
| Glycogen | a short-term energy source that can be broken down to release energy-laden glucose molecules |
| Where do humans store glycogen? | in muscle and liver cells |
| Lipids | fats, are compounds that do not dissolve in water * are nonpolar (having no electrical charge) |
| 3 types of lipids that are important for human health: | triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids |
| Triglycerides | fats and oils, compounds made of one molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| Fatty acids | -are chains of carbon atoms also bonded to hydrogens and having - fatty acids bond to glycerol through dehydration synthesis - are classified as saturated and unsaturated |
| Saturated fatty acids | have only single covalent bond linking the carbon atoms eg; butter |
| Unsaturated fatty acids | fatty acids with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms eg; olive oil |
Created by:
julie8523
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