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Skeletal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is included in the skeletal system | Bone , cartilage, ligaments , and other connective tissues that stabilize or connect bone |
| Other name for compact bone | Dense or Cortical bone |
| Other name for spongy bone | Cancellous or Trabecular bone |
| The 2 types of cartilage assoc. with the skeletal syst. | Hyaline and Fibrocartilage |
| Cartilage that attaches the sternum to the ribs is | Costal Cartilage and is a Hyaline |
| Cartilage that covers the ends of some bones is | Articular Cartilage and is a Hyaline |
| Cartilage with in the growth plates is known as | Epiphyseal Plates and is a Hyaline |
| Hyaline cartilage is the model for what skeletal structure | Fetal skeletal system and is a Hyaline |
| Costal , Articular cartilage and Epiphyseal Plates are made of what cartilage | Hyaline Cartilage |
| Where do you find Fibrocartilage | Intervertebral discs, knee joint, area between the bones of the pelvis |
| Cartilage pads of the knee joint are called | Menisci |
| Ligaments attach | Bone to Bone |
| Tendons attach | Bone to Muscle |
| Name of bone in the Upper arm | Humerus |
| Hemopoeisis is | Process of Blood cell production , occurs in the Red Bone Marrow |
| Bone stores what 2 minerals | Calcium and Phosphate |
| Calcium is needed for what processes | Muscle contraction , Blood clotting , and the release of Neurotransmitters |
| 4 classification of bones by shape | Long , short , flat and irregular |
| Long bones are found where | Upper and lower Limbs to include the toes and fingers and palm of hand |
| Short bones are found where | Carpal , Tarsal. Patella and Sesamoid bones |
| Flat bones are found where | Roof of skull.scapulae.sternum.Ribs, allow for more muscle attachment |
| Irregular bones are found where | Vertebrae, Ossa Coxae,bones of the skull- Ethmoid.Sphenoid. and Sutural |
| Blood cell production is called what | Hemopoiesis |
| The name of a condition that makes ossification insufficient | Osteopenia |
| 2 other names for spongy bone | Cancellous and Trabecular bone |
| What is the role of Thyroid Hormone in bone remodeling | Stimulate bone growth by increasing the basal metabolic rate of bone cells |
| Characteristics of the Periosteum | Made of Dense Irregular CT, covers the outer surface of the bone, and helps anchor blood vessels to the surface |
| Glycocorticoid hormones are released from where | Adrenal Cortex |
| Direction of Appositional Growth | Increases the bone Diameter |
| Zone of Epiphyseal growth | RPHCO |
| The name of the Spongy and Compact bone of the flat bone | Lamellar bone , which is also the secondary bone |
| Hormones that provide epiphyseal plate growth and closure | Estogen and testosterone |
| What hormone does the liver release in response to the growth hormone | Somatomedin hormone |
| Calcitonin is produced in the thyroid gland by what cells | Parafollicular cells |
| 2 things that Calcitonin performs | Calcium deposits and inhibits osteoclast activity |
| 3 fibrous joints are | Gomphosis; Suture; Syndesmosis Joints |
| The 2 Cartilaginous Joints are | Synchondrosis joint-- hyaline; Symphysis joint -- fibrocartilage |
| What is the Mobility of a Synarthrosis joint | Immobile joint . No movement |
| What is the Mobility of a Amphiarthrosis joint | Slightly mobile |
| What is the Mobility of a Diarthrosis joint | Free mobile |
| Angular motion of Flexion | Anterior and Posterior ; Bending ; angle decreases ; bending arm at the elbow |
| Angular motion of Extension | Anterior and Posterior ; opposite of flexion ; angle increases; straightening of the appendage |
| Angular motion of Hyperextension | Pass 180 degrees; bending hand backwards while arm is fully extended anteriorly |
| Angular motion of Lateral Flexion | Bending the trunk on the coronal plane |
| Angular motion of Abduction | Moving body part away from the midline of body part or body as a whole |
| Angular motion of Adduction | Opposite of abduction moving body part towards the midline of body part or body as a whole |
| Angular motion of Circumduction | Proximal end of appendage is still while distal end makes circular motion--use of Flexion ,Abduction, Extension, and Adduction are in continuous sequence |
| Rotation motion of Pronation | Rotating on longitudinal axis ;arm in anatomical position with palm of hand facing Posteriorly |
| Rotation motion of Supination | Rotating on longitudinal axis ;arm in anatomical position with palm of hand facing Anteriorly |
| Special motion of Depression | Moving joint in a inferior direction; opening the mouth |
| Special motion of Elevation | Moving joint in a superior direction ; closing the mouth |
| Special motion of Dorsiflexion | Limited to the ankle; ankle bends to point toes up |
| Special motion of Plantar Flexion | Limited to the ankle ; bending ankle to point toes down |
| Special motion of Eversion | Bending the ankle to point sole of foot laterally or out |
| Special motion of Inversion | Bending the ankle to point sole of foot medially or in |
| Special motion of Protraction | Moving body part anteriorly ; jutting the jaw out |
| Special motion of Retraction | Moving body part posteriorly |
| Special motion of Opposition | Thumb movement towards the distal parts of the fingers |
| Special motion of Reposition | Moving the thumb back from the distal parts of the fingers |
| Example of where a Syndesmosis joint is | Between the Ulna and the Radius ; Fibrous joint ; Dense C.T. |
| The 2 knee joint Articulations | Patellofermoral joint and the Tibiofemoral joint |
| Name of joint where articulation of bones is by Hyaline cartilage | Synchondrosis joint |
| Bones that are held together by Connective Tissue are | Fibrous joints |
| Bones that are held together by Cartilage are | Cartilaginous joints |
| Bones that are held together by Articulating Capsule | Synovial joints |
| Trochlea | Groove or Notch usually by the condyle |
| Joint that holds the teeth in | Gomphosis joint |
| ACL and PCL | Anterior cruciate ligament and the Posterior cruciate ligament |
| Ligaments that form an 'X' deep in the knee | Cruciate ligaments |
| Term for when suture joints fully fuse | Synostoses |
| Position of the Acromion | Lateral process of the Scapula |
| Superior part of the shoulder ; is the Acromion of the Scapula and the Clavicle together | Acromioclavicular joint |
| The 3 joints of the shoulder | Acromioclavicular, Sternoclavicular, Glenohumeral joints |
| The Coracoclavicular ligament attaches what | The Clavicle to the Coracoid process of the Scapula |
| Name of the joint that is a Saddle joint that articulates between the Manubrium of the Sternum and the end of the Clavicle | Sternoclavicular joint |
| Name of the joint that is a Plane joint between the Acromion of the Scapula and the Clavicle | Acromioclavicular joint |
| The Coracoid Process of the Scapula is connected to the Clavicle by what ligament | Coracoclavicular ligament |
| Name the joint that is a Ball and Socket joint with the interaction of the Humerus with the Glenoid cavity of the Scapula | Glenohumeral joint |
| Ligament associated with the Glenohumeral joint ; goes from the coracoid process of the scapula to the Acromion of the Acromioclavicular joint | Coracoacromial Ligament |
| Ligament in the Shoulder that goes from the Coracoid process of the Scapula to the Humeral Head | Coracohumeral Ligament |
| 3 thickening ligaments that are of the anterior portion of the articular capsule of the shoulder | Glenohumeral Ligaments |
| Muscles that are associated with the Rotator Cuff that hold the Head of the Humerus into the Glenoid cavity | Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor muscles |
| What are the 2 Articulations of the Knee | Tibiofemoral joint and the Patellofemoral joint |
| Unhappy Triad is what | Injury to the Tibial Collateral ligament , Medial Meniscus and the Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) |
| Ligament that attaches the Femur to the Tibia and prevents the Hyperabduction of the lower leg | Tibial Collateral Ligament or the Medial Collateral Ligament |
| Ligament that attaches the Femur to the Fibula on the lateral side of the knee. prevents the Hyperadduction of the lower leg | Fibular Collateral Ligament or the Lateral Collateral Ligament |
| Ligament that is connected to the Medial Meniscus along with the tibia | Tibial collateral ligament |
| Purpose of the ACL and PCL | Limit the anterior and posterior movement of the lower leg |
| Position of attachment of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament | Attached Posterior of the Femur and Anterior of the Tibia |
| Position of attachment of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament | Attached Anterior to the Femur and Posterior of the Tibia |
| Posterior Cruciate Ligament prevents the lower leg from doing what | Keeps it from Hyperflexion and keeps the tibia in line with the femur |
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament prevents the lower leg from doing what | Keeps it from Hyperextension |
| What type of joint are the Ribs number 2 thru 7 | Synovial Joints |
| Name of the facial bones | 2 nasal , 2 inferior conchae, 2 palatine, 2 maxilla, 2 zygomatic, 2 lacrimal, 1 mandible, and 1 vomer bones |
| Name of the cranial bones | Frontal , Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid , and Ethmoid |
| Name of the 4 suture of skull | Coronal, Sagittal, Lambdoid, and Squamous |
| Name of small bones in the suture | Suture Bones |
| Location of the Mastoid Process | On the temporal bone just posterior of the Styloid process |
| Location of the Styloid Process | Inferior of the External Acoustic Meatus, small sharp bone |
| Name of the Fossa on the Zygomatic Process that is part of the jaw joint | Mandibular Fossa |
| Posterosuperior region of the Ramus of the Mandible that articulates with the Mandibular Fossa to create jaw joint | Mandibular Condyle of the Mandible |
| Process at the anterosupererior region of the Ramus of the mandible | Coronoid Process |
| Area on the Ramus region of the mandible that is between the Condyle and the Coronoid | Mandibular Notch |
| Bones that make up the Orbital socket | Frontal , Zygomatic, Maxilla, Lacrimal, Sphenoid, Palatine, and the Ethmoid |
| Passage ways through the orbital socket | |
| Parts of the Ethmoid Bone | Perpendicular Plate, Crista Galli, and the Cribriform Plate |
| Location of the Lacrimal Bone to the Ethmoid Bone | Anteriorly |
| True Ribs are which ones | Ribs numbered 1 - 7; 7 total |
| False Ribs are which ones | Ribs numbered 8 - 12; 5 total |
| Floating Ribs are which ones | Ribs numbered 11 & 12; 2 total |
| 4 curvature regions of the vertebral column | Cervical , Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral Curvatures |
| Vertebrae by number and region | 7 cervical , 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccyx ; for a total of 33 |
| Bursa are filled with what and preform what action | Filled with Synovial fluid and serve as protection from overlying tendons, muscles , skin, ligaments |
| Elongated Bursae are called what | Tendon Sheaths , commonly located in the ankle , wrist, hand , foot |
| Location of the Ischium in relation to the Pubic Bone | Inferior and posterior |
| Foramen at hip at the pubic and ischium | Obturator Foramen |
| 3 Ligaments of the elbow | Radial collateral ligament, Ulnar collateral ligament, Anular ligament |
| Radius Bone location | With arm in anatomical position the Radius is Lateral |
| Lateral side of the Elbow consist of | The Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus, the Radial Collateral Ligament or the Lateral Collateral Ligament, Radius Bone |
| Medial side of the Elbow consist of | Ulnar Collateral Ligament or the Medial Collateral Ligament, the Medial Epicondyle, the Ulna Bone, |
| Location and action of the Anular Ligament | Surround the neck of the Radius bone, and Binds the proximal end of the Radius to the Ulna, thus holding the head of the radius in place. |
| 2 articulations of the Elbow | Humeroulnar joint and the Humeroradial joint |
| Location of the Ischiofemoral Ligament | From the Femur at the Greater Trochanter of Femur to the Ischium at posterior side |
| Location of the Pubofemoral Ligament | From the Femur at the Greater Trochanter of Femur to the Pubic bone at the Anterior side |
| Location of the Greater and Lesser Trochanter of Femur | The rounded projection on the Femur just Lateral of the Femur Neck. Rounded Projection is called a Tubercle |
| The Meniscus is made up of what | Fibrocartilage |
| The articular capsule of the Knee does not cover the Anterior region of the knee , What does? | The Quadricep Femoris Muscle Tendon does with the Patella embedded within it. |
| Potts fracture is associated with what bone | Is a fracture at the distal end of the Fibula |
| Colles fracture is associated with what bone | Is a fracture at the distal end of the Radius |
| Somatomedin is produced in the liver by what hormone | Growth Hormone; Helps to elongate bones |
| Active vitamin D or Calcitriol increases calcium absorption in what Organ | The small intestine |
| What hormone in the Kidneys increases the resorption of calcium from urine | Parathyroid Hormone |
| Calcidiol is converted to what in the Kidneys | Calcitriol |
| The 2 hormones that work together to increase calcium levels in the blood | Parathyroid and Calcitriol |
| What is Calcitriols effect on the calcium levels in the blood | Increases it, By increasing the osteoclast activity; produced from Calcidiol in the kidneys |
| Where is the Parathyroid hormone produced ; PTH | Parathyroid Gland |
| What is Parathyroid Hormones effect on the calcium levels in the blood | Increases it. By increasing the osteoclast activity and decreasing osteoblast activity |
| What is Calcitonin Hormones effect on the calcium levels in the blood | Decreases it. inhibits osteoclast activity and inhibits the resorption of calcium in the kidneys |
| What produces Calcitonin and where is it produced | Parafollicular cells of the Thyroid Glad are responsible for the production of the Calcitonin |
| How does Calcitriol increase calcium in the blood | By helping the small intestine absorb calcium with the help from Parathyroid Hormone and preventing the loss of calcium in the kidneys |
| Parathyroid hormone in the kidney how | Preventing the loss of calcium or resorbing the calcium |
| Parathyroid Glad is very important for calcium regulation | It sends PTH to the bone , kidney, and gut to regulate or increase calcium levels ; works together with calcitriol in kidneys & gut |
Created by:
scones and joe
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