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SJCC Bio Ch 4
Biology flashcards from Holt Modern Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | The smallest unit of matter that can carry on all of the processes of life |
| Cell Membrane | Selectively permeable, lipid bilayer that surrounds and protects the cell. |
| Cell Theory | 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of an organism. 3. Cells only come from other living cells. |
| Eukaryote | A cell with a nucleus and organelles |
| Nucleus | Contains the cell's genetic information |
| Organelle | Tiny organs |
| Prokaryote | Simple cell with no nucleus or organelles |
| Actin | Threads of protein that make up microfilaments |
| Cell Wall | Cellulose structure around the outside of the cell membrane in a plant cell |
| Chloroplast | One of the plastids in a plant cell, stores green pigments for photosynthesis |
| Chromatin | Loosely coiled DNA and proteins |
| Chromosome | Coiled strands of DNA in a cell preparing for cell division |
| Cilium | Tiny hairlike structure that helps move particles past a cell |
| Crista | Folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion |
| Cytoplasm | The area between the nucleus and the cell membrane of a cell |
| Cytoskeleton | Protein tubes that give the cytoplasm structure |
| Cytosol | Jelly-like fluid found in the cytoplasm |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Intercellular highway in a cell used for absorbing and transporting substances |
| Flagellum | Whipping tail that propels a cell |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | Refers to the lipid, protein, and carbohydrate combination of compounds that make up the cell membrane |
| Golgi Apparatus | Packages and processes proteins for export |
| Integral Protein | Proteins embedded within the lipid bilayer |
| Lysosome | Absorb and destroy bacteria, viruses, and old used up organelles |
| Microfilament | Tiny strands of proteins |
| Microtubules | Tiny tubes of proteins |
| Mitochondrion | Creates energy for the cell using cellular respiration |
| Nuclear envelope | Double membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus of the cell |
| Nuclear matrix | Jelly like substance found inside the nucleus |
| Nuclear Pore | Holes in the nuclear membrane through which the ribosomes can pass |
| Nucleolus | Makes ribosomes inside the nucleus |
| Peripheral Protein | Proteins found on the inner or outer surface of the cell membrane |
| Plastid | Found in plant cells, makes pigments for the cell |
| Ribosomes | Makes proteins |
| Rough ER | Has ribosomes attached; transports proteins |
| Selectively permeable membrane | Refers to the nature of the cell membrane allowing certain substances to pass through, and not allowing others |
| Smooth ER | No ribosomes attached; transports fats and absorbs toxic substances |
| Spindle Fibers | Protein strands that move chromosomes during cell division |
| Thylakoid | Inner membrane of a chloroplast, looks like flattened sacs |
| Vacuole | Large storage area inside a plant cell |
| Colonial Organism | Single cells are self sustaining but live in a group to allow for division of labor |
| Organ | Groups of tissues having a similar function |
| Organ System | Groups of organs having a similar function |
| Tissue | Groups of cells having a particular function |
| Peroxisome | Breaks down hydrogen peroxide and other toxic substances in the cell |
Created by:
jmglbrt
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