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Biology 2020
Covid during first year at High School... Yay
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dependent Variable | responding variable |
| Independent variable | variable that is manipulated (changed) during the experiment |
| Biology | The study of life |
| Science | process of testing and discovering/explaining various things in the natural world |
| Homeostasis | maintaining stability |
| Metabolism | all the chemical reactions taking place in an organism |
| Hypothesis | educated prediction or possible answer to an observation/problem that can be tested. Can be changed repeatedly if necessary |
| Scientific Theory | Well substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through repeated tests that support the same conclusion. Can be changed |
| Scientific Law | several related hypotheses that have been confirmed through testing Ion – atom with a charge; has lost or gained one or more electrons |
| Hydrogen bond | a weak bond between two molecules that contain hydrogen; between two water molecules |
| Cohesion | two molecules of the same type are attracted to one another |
| Adhesion | two molecules of different types are attracted to one another |
| Polar | molecule that is charged on one end. Example: water |
| Organic | contains the element Carbon |
| Polymer | large molecule made up of repeating units |
| Monomer | small sub units that bond together to make up a polymer |
| Hydrolysis | “hydro”=water, “lysis”=split; the splitting of water. A chemical reaction that involves the splitting of a water molecule |
| Dehydration synthesis | chemical reaction that occurs where a molecule of H2O is created |
| Biomolecule | a molecule that is produced by living things |
| Carbohydrate | biomolecule made of C, H, O (sugars, starches, glycogen) used for energy, energy storage & cell to cell recognition |
| Saccharide | word that means sugar |
| Lipid | biomolecule; aka fat: made of glycerol + 3 fatty acids, used for energy storage. Can also be oils and cholesterols |
| Protein | composed of amino acids; contains nitrogen; make up an organism |
| Nucleic acids | DNA & RNA, used for storage of genetic information that is the blueprint for building proteins |
| Enzyme | proteins that speed up chemical reactions (can either break things down, or put things together, usually ends in -ase) |
| Activation energy | the amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| Catalyst | substance that speeds up a chemical reaction. Ex: enzyme & lighter fluid |
| Prokaryotic | cell with NO nucleus & NO membrane bound organelles, ex. - bacteria |
| Eukaryotic | cells that DO have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, ex. - everything other than bacteria |
| Nucleus | contains DNA for cell, makes RNA |
| Mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell; makes energy |
| Ribosome | site for protein synthesis |
| Synthesis | to make or put together |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | highway system of the cell. Transports proteins and other things in the cell. Can have ribosomes (rough ER) or no ribosomes (smooth ER) |
| Golgi body(apparatus) | packages things for the cell |
| Vacuole | storage unit for the cell. In plants, it will hold LOTS of water |
| Cell membrane | gatekeeper, monitors what goes in and what goes out of the cell |
| Cell wall | found in plants and bacteria, provides structure for the cell |
| Chloroplast | contains the green pigment chlorophyll, site for photosynthesis |
| Nucleolus | found in nucleus, produces ribosomes |
| Microtubules | help with cell movement |
| Lysosome | gets rid of unwanted waste, recycles |
| Centrioles | helps with cell reproduction |
Created by:
TH0M
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