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EarthSci Midterms
Midterms for Grade 11 Eath Science (sy 2020-2021)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biochemistry | chemistry of life |
| Molecular Biology | interactions of systems |
| Cellular Biology | examines the cell |
| Physiology | functions of organisms |
| Ecology | interaction and association of organisms w/ environment |
| anabolism | synthesizing complex substances from simple ones |
| catabolism | break down of complex substances into simpler ones. |
| exergonic | needs energy to continue |
| metabolism | anabolism + catabolism |
| Stimulus | anything that causes organisms to react |
| instinct | an automatic response |
| conditioned response | a learned response |
| Supernatural Creation | theory that states that a supernatural being created the world |
| Spontaneous Generation | theory that states that living things originates from inanimate objects |
| Panspermia | theory that states that life comes from outer space |
| Taxonomy | branch of Science that classifies organisms |
| Cell Theory | All known living things are made up of cells. All living cells arise from pre-existing cells. Cell is the basic unit of life. |
| Monomers | base molecule |
| Polymers | an aggregate of monomers |
| Isomers | compounds with the same formula but different structure |
| Carbohydrate | Most abundant class of organic compond. Provides and stores energy for the short term. Supplies Carbon. Builds macromolecules. |
| Aldose sugar | a class of monosaccharide with Carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to Hydrogen |
| Ketose sugar | a class of monosaccharide with CH2OH as a main group |
| L-sugar | a class of monosaccharide with an HO group |
| D-sugar | a class of monosaccharide with an OH group |
| Sucrose | a disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose |
| Lactose | a disaccharide made up of glucose and galactose |
| Maltose | a disaccharide made up of 2 glucose units |
| Heteroglycan | a polysaccharide with 2 different monosaccharide units |
| Homoglycan | a polysaccharise with 2 monosaccharide unit that are the same |
| Lipids | has 2 monomers: fatty acids and glycerol. Functions as a long term energy supply, a mode of communication, protection, and support. |
| Fats | a type of lipid that is made up of fatty acids. |
| Unsaturated Fats | a fat with a carbon double bond |
| Monounsaturated Fats | a fat with 1 carbon double bond |
| Polyunsaturated Fats | a fat with more than 1 carbon double bond |
| Saturated Fats | a fat with no carbon double bond |
| Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) | bad cholesterol |
| High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) | good cholesterol |
| Phospholipids | a type of lipid that is the main constituent of cell membrane |
| Steroids | a type of lipid with multiple cyclic carbon rings |
| Cholesterol | A steroid that is the building block of tissue. Also assists in the production of bile. |
| Adenocorticoid hormones | a regulatory hormone |
| Waxes | a type of lipid that consists of long chain alcohol and fatty acids joined by ester bonds. Provides a protective barrier. |
| Protein | most abundant organic molecule that form the fundamental basis of structure. |
| Amino acids | monomer of protein |
| Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Valine | 9 Common Essential Amino Acids |
| Alanine, Aspargine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine | 11 Common Non-Essential Amino Acids |
| Hormonal Proteins | Proteins that are chemical messengers |
| Enzymatic proteins | Proteins that act as biological catalysts |
| Structural proteins | Proteins that strengthens & protects biological structure |
| Defense proteins | Proteins that defend against other organisms |
| Storage proteins | Proteins that provide nutrition to embryos |
| Transport proteins | Proteins that carry/transport nutrients |
| Regulatory proteins | Proteins that regulate metabolic and chemical activities |
| Contractile proteins | Proteins that regulate function in the contractile system |
| Nucleic Acids | an organic molecule essential to all forms of life. classified into DNA or RNA. |
| Nucleotides | monomer of nucleic acid made of pentose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| Y-line DNA | DNA found only in men |
| Mitochondrial DNA | DNA found in both males and females but can be passed only by females. Defines deep ancestry. |
| Autosomal DNA | The rest of the 23 chromosomes in DNA. Provides a list of cousins. |
| mRNA (messenger RNA) | the first step in making a protein from a DNA blueprint |
| tRNA (transfer RNA) | makes sure the correct amino acids are put into the polypeptide chain |
| rRNA (ribosomal RNA) | holds the mRNA in place so the tRNA can match up its anticodon w/ the mRNA |
Created by:
mararomilla
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