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Earth's Surface

Chapter 1

TermDefinition
Uniformitarianism The theory that the geologic processes that operate today also operated in the past.
Erosion The process of wearing down and carrying away rocks.
Weathering The process that breaks down rock and there substances.
Mechanical Weather The process in which weather literally breaks down rocks into smaller pieces.
Chemical Weathering The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.
Abrasion Wearing away rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity.
Frost Wedging Water slides into cracks in rocks and freezes there, expanding as it freezes.
Oxidation Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water during the process of oxygen.
Permeable The name for a process in which a material is full of tiny connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it.
Soil The loose weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.
Bedrock A solid layer of rock beneath the soil.
Humus A dark colored substance that forms as a plant and animal remains decay.
Fertility A measure of how well the soil supports plant growth.
Loam A specific type of soil made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
pH Scale A certain scale that measures acidity.
Soil Horizon A layer of color, texture and composition than the layers above or below it.
Topsoil A crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other materials.
Subsoil A type of soil that consists of clay and other particles of rock, but little humus.
Decomposer The organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals.
Created by: adl10762
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