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Organic Mol. Vocab

Vocab test practice; Objective 4.1.1-4.1.3

TermDefinition
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Double stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose; double helix.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose.
Amino acids Building blocks of proteins
Fatty acids One of the building blocks of lipids; three present in one lipid molecule.
Glycerol One of the building blocks of lipids; one present in one lipid molecule.
Enzyme Protein that acts as a biological catalyst; speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
Catalyst Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
Biomolecule Molecule naturally found in living organisms such as carbohydrate, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
Starch Polysaccharide found in plants that stores excess sugar.
Cellulose Polysaccharide found in plants that is tough, flexible and gives plants its strength and rigidity.
Insulin Protein that regulates blood glucose levels.
Glycogen Polysaccharides found in animals; also called “animal starch”
Glucose Monosaccharide that provides immediate energy for all cell activities.
Hemoglobin Iron-containing protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it throughout the body.
Fats Lipid; made up of fatty acids and glycerol; protects body organs, insulates body, and stores energy in the body.
Monosaccharides Single sugar molecule such as glucose.
Benedict’s solution Solution used to test for the presence of glucose
Iodine Solution used to test for the presence of starch.
Biuret’s solution Solution used to test for the presence of protein.
Substrate The reactants of an enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
Active site The site on an enzyme where the substrate binds perfectly.
Peptide bond A bond between two amino acids that results in a protein.
Activation Energy Amount of energy required to get a chemical reaction started – lowered with the help of enzymes.
Created by: sumia.mustafa
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