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nur 151
final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the fuel factor for protein? | 4 |
| What is the function of protein? | providing energy, maintaining tissue and building new cells |
| name some good sources of protein | Meat, fish, poultry, eggs |
| what is complimentary protein? | matching foods to create complete proteins (rice & beans, chili beans & cheese, bean soup & rye bread) grain + legume = all essential amino acids |
| What is the fuel factor for fat? | 9 |
| What are the functions of fat? | allows us to use & absorb fat-soluble vitamins, provides energy, protects organs. |
| Name some good sources of fat. | Meat, oil, whole milk, & cheese processed foods. |
| What is the fuel factor for carbohydrates? | 4 |
| functions of carbohydrates | provide energy |
| what is done with excess carbohydrates? | stored as glycogen and coverted to fat |
| sources of carbohydrates | plant foods (fruit, vegetables, and grains) |
| what is fiber | a group of complex carbohyrdrates, not a source of energy, can not be digested |
| functions of fiber | prvents and releives constipation |
| sources of fiber | fruits, vegetables, oats, barley, beans, cereals(oats, rice & barley), bran, whole wheat |
| sources of insoluble fibers | whole grain & plants |
| sources of soluble fibers | pectin, apples, oats, & barley |
| name one benifit of fiber | decreases the risk of colon cancer by absorbing water from intestinal wall thus speeding up movement of substances through the GI tract. |
| fat soluble vitamins | A,D,E,K |
| vitamin A | retinal |
| functions of vitamin A (retinal) | promotes healthy skin,vision,bones,&teeth,keeps reproductve system functioning |
| sorces of vit A (retinal) | liver, whole milk, eggs, butter, carotenoids, beta carotene( bright yellow & deep green vegetables) |
| vit A deficiency | night blindness |
| vitamin D | calciferol |
| 3 forms of vit D | calciferol, cholcalciferol, ergocalciferol |
| calciferol | fish oil, egg yolks,In US added to margarine and milk |
| cholcalciferol | created by sunlight, UV rays react with steroid chemicals in fat. |
| ergocalciferol | sybthesized in plants by sunlight |
| vit D deficiency | Rickets |
| vit E | tocopherol |
| functions of vit E (tocopherol) | maintains healthy reproductive system, nerves & muscles |
| sources of vit E | vegtables,oils, nuts, seeds, wheat germ, dark green leafy vegtables |
| vit K | menadione |
| functions of vit K (menadione) | blood clotting factor, aides in the development of bone and kidney tissue |
| sources of vit K | dark green leafy vegtables, cheese, liver, cereals,fruits, most comes from freinly colonies of bacteria in intestines |
| vit K deficiency | bleeding tendencies |
| Vitamin C | Ascorbic Acid |
| funcions of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) | development and maintenance of connective tissue,aids in absorption of iron,wound healing,Protects immune system,fight off infection,Reduces seventy percent of allergic reactions, role in syntheses of hormones. |
| sources of vitamin C | Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruit), green peppers, strawberries, tomatoes, broccoli. |
| deficiency of vitamin C | Scurvy, poor wound healing. |
| Vitamin B1 | Thiamin |
| sources of vit B1 (thiamin) | unrefined cereals and grains, legumes, lean pork, beans, nuts, seeds. |
| deficiency of vit B1 (thiamin) | Beriberi. |
| Vitamin B2 | Riboflavin |
| functions of Vit B2 (riboflavin) | Protects health of mucous membranes |
| sources of Vit B2 (riboflavin) | Animal origin foods – meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, and whole or enriched grain products. |
| deficiency of Vit b2 (riboflavin) | AriboflaIvinosis (inflammation of lips and tongue). |
| Niacin | Nicotinic Acid |
| function of niacin | Integrated part of an enzyme that allows O2 to flow into body tissue. |
| sources of niacin | Meat (especially organ meats), dairy products, poultry and fish, peanut butter. |
| deficiency of niacin | Pellagra |
| Vitamin B6 | Pyridoxine |
| function of vit B6 (pyridoxine) | Essential for getting energy and nutrients from food |
| sources of Vit B6 (pyridoxine) | liver, red meats, chicken, fish, pork, milk, eggs, whole grains, soybeans, potatoes, beans, nuts, seeds, dark green vegetables. |
| function of folate | Vital for normal growth and wound healing, Essential for pregnant women 1st 8 weeks of pregnancy,Dramatically reduces risk of spinal cord birth defects |
| sorces of folate | beans, dark green leafy vegetables, liver |
| deficiency of folate | neural tube defects ( Anencephaly & Spinal Bifida)& megaloblastic anemia |
| Vitamin B12 | cyanocobalamin |
| functions of B12 (cyanocobalamin) | Makes healthy RBC’s,Protects myelin |
| sources of B12 (cyanocobalamin) | Meat, fish, poultry, milk products, eggs,beef liver, shellfish, fortified cereals |
| deficiency of B12 (cyanocobalamin) | pernicious anemia, ( decreased RBC formation & elderly @ risk b/c of reduced intrinsic factor),intrinsic factor needed to absorb B12 |
| functions of Biotin | Helps metabolize fats and CHO,Essential for synthesizing fatty acids and amino acids |
| sorces of Biotin | Meat, fish, poultry, beans, whole grain cereals,liver, peanut butter, egg yolk, yeast, nuts, beans, califlower |
| deficiency of Biotin | Rare (Only when consuming large amounts of raw egg) depression, fatigue, red rash on face |
| functions of calcium | healthy bones and teeth,Regulates fluid balance,Makes it possible for cells to send messages back and forth from one another,Keeps muscles moving smoothly. |
| sources of calcium | milk and dairy products, fish, canned sardines, salmon, dark green leafy vegetables (calcium in plant foods not easily absorbed). |
| deficiency of calcium | Osteoporosis, rickets, poor bone and tooth formation |
| functions of Phosphorus | Essential for strong bones and teeth,Helps maintain pH balance of blood,Vital for metabolizing CHO,Part of myelin |
| source of phosphorus | meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk. |
| deficiency of phosphorus | Poor bone and tooth formation |
| function of Magnesium | Body uses magnesium to make body tissues, especially bone. |
| sources of magnesium | bananas, dark green fruits and vegetables |
| deficiency of magnesium | tremors leading to seizures |
| functions of iron | Essential constitute of hemoglobin and myoglobin, two proteins that transport O2, |
| sources of iron | Organ meats (liver, heart, kidneys), red meat, egg yolks, wheat germ, oysters(These contain heme iron, a form easily absorbed) non-hemi iron needs of be eaten with vitamin C to be absorded(whole grain,wheat germ, raisins,nuts,seeds,prunes,potato skins.) |
| deficiency of iron | Anemia. Teenagers often have anemia related to inadequate intake |
| function of Zinc | Protects nerve and brain tissue, Bolsters immune system, Large quantities found in testes, where it is used in making continuous supply of testosterone. |
| sources of zinc | meat, liver, eggs, nuts, beans, pumpkin, sunflower seeds, oysters. |
| Deficiency of zinc | Impaired wound healing, poor taste sensitivity |
| function of Iodine | Component of thyroxin and triiodothzronine that help regulate cell activities. |
| sources of iodine | Seafood, iodized salt |
| deficiency of iodine | Goiter |
| function of Fluoride | Hardens dental enamel, reducing risk of cavities |
| functions of Potassium | Maintains fluid levels inside the cell, Necessary for regular heart rhythm, Regulates nerve conduction and muscle contraction |
| sources of potassium | Bananas, oranges, apricots, broccoli, meat, fish, poultry |
| deficiency of potassium | Abnormal heartbeat, muscle weakness, nausea, vomiting |
| function of Sodium | Helps regulate fluid balance – Extra cellular = outside the cell |
| sources of sodium | Salt, natural cheese, sea fish, shellfish, processed foods, baking powder, baking soda, meat, fish, poultry. |
| deficiency of sodium | Nausea and vomiting, apathy, exhaustion |
| function of water | 50-65% of average weight,Essential component of all tissues,Transports nutrients,Lubricates joints,Maintains temperature,Solvent for body chemicals |
| when extra water needed | Infants, fever, warm weather, heavy exertion. |
| Assessment for hydration status | check skin turgor, mucous membranes, weights. |
| Beriberi | a severe chronic defiency of thiamine (B1) characterized by muscle weakness and pain, anorexia, mental disorientation, and tachycardia |
| dry beriberi | thiamine(B1) deficiency affecting the nervous system, producing paralysis and extreme muscle wasting |
| wet beriberi | thiamine deficiency with edema affecting cardiac function by weakening of heart muscle and vascular system. |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome | cerebral form of beriberi that affects the central nervous system. |
| factors to consider before initiating TPN (Total Parenteral nutrition) | nature of the patient's GI dysfunction, severity of malnutrition, degree of hypercatabolism, medical prognosis , and patient's wishes |
| CPN(Cental parenteral nutrition)& TPN (Total parenteral nutrition) | infused into a large-diameter vein, such as the superior vena cava |
| PPN (peripheral parenteral nutrition) | a smaller, peripheral vein is used (less than one week) |
| what to monitor with TPN | (vital signs, Temp, urine fractionals every 8hrs)(weight,I&O,serum electrolytes,glucose,creatine,BUN weekly till stable then biweekly) |
| vitamin needs for alcoholics | B1(Thiamine) and vit. C |
| tryptophan | converted to niacin,deficiency = pellegraessential amino acid |
| pellegra | niacin deficiency characterized by 3 D's (diarrhea,dermatitis,dementia) |
| cheilosis | swelling of the lips & cracks in the corners of the mouth caused by riboflavin(B2) dificiency |
| glossitis | swelling of the tongue |
| phenylalanine | an essential amino acid that bonds to apartic acid to form aspartame, inability to beak down phenylalanine= PKU(phenylkeronuria) |
| examples of electolytes | extracellular = sodium NA+,chloride CL-intracellular = potassium K+ |
Created by:
tamsumm
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