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Earth's surface

Chapter 1

TermDefinition
Uniformitarianism The geological principle that the same processes that operate in the past operate today.
Erosion The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil.
Weathering The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances.
Mechanical Weathering The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces
Chemical weathering The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.
Abrasion The grinding away at rock by other rock particles carried away at water, ice, or wind.
Frost wedging process that splits rock when water seeps into crack then freezes and expands it
Oxidation A chemical change in which substances combine with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust.
Perimalble Characteristics of a material that contains connected connected air spaces, or pores, that water con seep through easily.
Soil The loose weathered material on earths surface in which plants can grow,
Bedrock Rock that makes up earths crust; also the solid rock beneath the soil.
Humus Dark-colored organic material in soil.
fertility A measure of how well soil supports plants growth.
Loam Rich fertilized soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
pH scale A range of values used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is;express the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Soil horizon A layer of soil that differs in color and textures from layers above or below it.
Topsoil The crumbly topmost layer of soil made up of clay and other materials and humus. (nutrients and decaying plant and other animal mater)
Sub soil The layer of soil below the top soil that has less plant and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other minerials
Decomposer An organism that gets energy by breaking down waste and dead organism and returns raw materials to the soil and water.
Natural Resources Anything natural occurring in the environment that humans use.
Soil conservation The management of soil to limit its destruction.
Crop Rotation The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil fertility
Contour Plowing Plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil lose.
Conservation Plowing Soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the previous years crop are plowed into the ground .
Created by: cjm10777
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