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Earth's surface
Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Uniformitarianism | The geological principle that the same processes that operate in the past operate today. |
| Erosion | The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil. |
| Weathering | The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances. |
| Mechanical Weathering | The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces |
| Chemical weathering | The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes. |
| Abrasion | The grinding away at rock by other rock particles carried away at water, ice, or wind. |
| Frost wedging | process that splits rock when water seeps into crack then freezes and expands it |
| Oxidation | A chemical change in which substances combine with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust. |
| Perimalble | Characteristics of a material that contains connected connected air spaces, or pores, that water con seep through easily. |
| Soil | The loose weathered material on earths surface in which plants can grow, |
| Bedrock | Rock that makes up earths crust; also the solid rock beneath the soil. |
| Humus | Dark-colored organic material in soil. |
| fertility | A measure of how well soil supports plants growth. |
| Loam | Rich fertilized soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt. |
| pH scale | A range of values used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is;express the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. |
| Soil horizon | A layer of soil that differs in color and textures from layers above or below it. |
| Topsoil | The crumbly topmost layer of soil made up of clay and other materials and humus. (nutrients and decaying plant and other animal mater) |
| Sub soil | The layer of soil below the top soil that has less plant and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other minerials |
| Decomposer | An organism that gets energy by breaking down waste and dead organism and returns raw materials to the soil and water. |
| Natural Resources | Anything natural occurring in the environment that humans use. |
| Soil conservation | The management of soil to limit its destruction. |
| Crop Rotation | The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil fertility |
| Contour Plowing | Plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil lose. |
| Conservation Plowing | Soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the previous years crop are plowed into the ground . |
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cjm10777
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