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Biology Unit1 Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | the basic units of matter and the defining structure of elements |
| Element | a pure substance which cannot be broken down by chemical means |
| Molecule | a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction |
| Compound | a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table |
| Mass Number | the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus |
| Atomic Weight | another word for mass number; the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus |
| Valence Electron | an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom; it can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed |
| Electron | a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity |
| Proton | a stable subatomic particle with a positive electric charge |
| Neutron | a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge |
| Isotope | one of two or more species of atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and position in the periodic table and nearly identical chemical behavior but with different atomic masses and physical properties |
| Radioisotope | a radioactive isotope |
| Electron Configuration | the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals |
| Bond | a bond or chemical bond is a link between atoms in molecules or compounds and between ions and molecules in crystals |
| Polar Bond | a type of covalent bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared unequally |
| Non-polar Bond | a bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair |
| Hydrogen Bond | a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other |
| Solvent | a molecule that has the ability to dissolve other molecules |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture of solvent and solute molecules |
| Solute | a substance that can be dissolved by a solvent to create a solution |
| Hydrophobic | the fear of water; molecules and surfaces that repel water |
| Hydrophilic | a molecule or portion of a molecule is one whose interactions with water and other polar substances are favorable than their interactions with oil or other hydrophobic solvents |
| Amino Acid | an organic molecule that is made up of a basic amino group, an acidic carboxyl group, and an organic R group that is unique to each amino acid |
| Nucleotide | one of the structural components, or building blocks, of DNA and RNA |
| Peptide Bond | a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water |
| Lipid | any of the group of fatty or waxy organic compounds readily soluble in nonpolar solvent but not in polar solvent |
| Saturated Fat | a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds |
| Saccharide | an organic compound containing a sugar or sugars |
| Specific Heat | the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius |
Created by:
aunderwood9417
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