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Biomolecules
Term | Definition |
---|---|
1. Atom | Smallest unit of life. |
2. Element | Atoms of all the same size and number of protons |
3. Molecule | 2 or more atoms of different elements bonded together. |
4. Compound | 2 or more atoms covalently bonded together |
5. Atomic number | Number of p+ |
6. Mass number | The sum of the p+ and n0 |
7. Atomic weight | Relative atomic mass |
8. valence electron | The electrons in the outermost energy level |
9. Electron | Negative charged |
10. Proton | Positive charged |
11. Neutron | No charge |
12. Isotope | Two or more forms of the same element that have an equal amount of protons but an unequal amount of neutrons |
13. Radioisotope | A radioactive isotope. |
14. Electron configuration | The distribution of electrons in an atom or molecule in atomic or molecule orbitals. |
15. Bond | There are covalent bonds and ionic bonds |
16. Polar bond | Electronegativity is between 0.5 and 2.0. |
17. Nonpolar bond | Electronegativity is less than 0.5. |
18. Hydrogen bond | Formed between a highly electronegative atom of a polar molecule and a hydrogen atom. |
19. Solvent | Substance that dissolves solute. |
20. Solution | Mixture that forms when a substance is dissolved by another one. |
21. Solute | Substance that's dissolveable. |
22. Hydrophobic | Substance that has an affinity for water, "loves" water and dissolves easily in water. |
23. Hydrophilic | Substance that doesn't have an affinity for water, is "scared" of water and doesn't dissolve in water. |
24. Amino acid | Monomers of Proteins. |
25. Nucleotide | Monomers of Nucleic Acids. |
26. Peptide bond | A covalent bond of Amino Acids. |
27. Lipid | Fatty acid molecules consisting of two distinct regions: A long hydrophobic chain and a hydrophilic head |
28. Saturated fat | Lipid that is bad for you; has no double bonds; contains lots of hydrogen. |
29. Saccaride | Monomer of carbohydrates, which is simply sugar. |
30. Specific heat (water) | The amount of heat needed to increase or decrease the temperature of a substance by 1 Celsius degree. |