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Biomolecule cards

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termdefinition
atom An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element.
Element substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter. Each element is distinguished by its atomic number, i.e. the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms.
Molecule molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
Compound a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture. made up or consisting of two or more existing parts or elements.
Atomic number The atomic number of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element.
Mass number The mass number also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.
Atomic weight atomic mass. The atomic mass is the mass of an atom.
valence electron Valence electron. A valence electron is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond.
Electron The electron is a subatomic particle whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
Proton A proton is a subatomic particle with a positive electric charge.
Neutron The neutron is a subatomic particle with no electric charge
Isotope Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number, and consequently in nucleon number.
Radioisotope a radioactive isotope.
Electron configuration Electron configuration refers to the populations of electronic energy sublevels of an atom. The electronic configuration notations for all of the elements are available in one chart.
Bond A force of attraction that holds atoms or ions together in a molecule or crystal. Bonds are usually created by a transfer or sharing of one or more electrons.
Polar bond A type of covalent bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared unequally, resulting in a bond in which one atom has a slightly negative charge and the other a slightly positive charge.
Nonpolar bond Type of chemical bond which has no positive or negative 'ends'.
Hydrogen bond A hydrogen bond is a partial intermolecular bonding interaction between a lone pair on an electron rich donor atom, particularly the second-row elements.
Solvent A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.
Solution a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent.
Solute a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent.
Hydrophobic tending to repel or fail to mix with water. The opposite of hydrophilic.
Hydrophilic having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water. The opposite of hydrophobic.
Amino acid Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amine and carboxyl functional groups, along with a side chain specific to each amino acid.
Nucleotide Nucleotides are organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate.
Peptide bond A peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from carbon number one of one alpha-amino acid and nitrogen number two of another, along a peptide or protein chain.
Lipid a lipid is a macrobiomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.
Saturated fat A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds. A fat is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids.
Saccharide Specific heat (water) Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance per unit of mass. The specific heat capacity of a material is a physical property.
Carbohydrate A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 and thus with the empirical formula
Created by: mluetkenhau5595
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